主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 45-52.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.01.006

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2007—2015年北京地区能见度时空变化特征

姜江, 郭文利, 王春玲   

  1. 北京市气象服务中心, 北京 100089
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-10 修回日期:2018-01-12 出版日期:2019-02-28 发布日期:2019-02-28
  • 作者简介:姜江,女,1987年生,高级工程师,主要从事气象服务与业务应用研究,E-mail:jiangjiang@mail.iap.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    北京市气象局科技项目(BMBKJ201703010)和北京市科委科技项目(D171100000717002)共同资助。

Temporal and spatial characteristics of visibility in Beijing from 2007 to 2015

JIANG Jiang, GUO Wen-li, WANG Chun-ling   

  1. Beijing Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100089, China
  • Received:2017-07-10 Revised:2018-01-12 Online:2019-02-28 Published:2019-02-28

摘要:

利用2007-2015年北京市大兴观象台、28个道面自动气象站、部分区域自动气象站等多种台站观测资料分析了2007-2015年北京地区能见度的时空变化特征。结果表明:2007-2015年北京地区春季平均能见度最高、夏季平均能见度最低,夏季及年平均能见度呈显著增加的趋势,春季和秋季能见度均呈波动增加,冬季颗粒物浓度的显著增加致使北京地区冬季能见度下降的时段集中在2011-2014年;空间上,北京西北地区能见度明显高于中心城区和东南大部地区。秋季和冬季能见度的空间分布特征与年平均能见度的分布特征较一致,表现为能见度自西北向东南方向逐渐递减;与能见度相关性最高的为相对湿度、颗粒物浓度、风向及风速,但不同要素在月、季和年尺度上的相关性差别较大;根据天气现象统计表明,近10 a来北京地区雾、霾、沙尘日均呈增加的趋势,但是山区与城区气象站点低能见度事件的发生频次存在较大的差异。整体来看,小于10 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以增加为主,而小于1 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以减少为主。此外,近10 a来北京地区干霾的发生频率为44.29%,湿霾的发生频率为7.13%,低能见度事件多由干霾造成,但湿霾发生时,能见度恶化的更明显。

关键词: 能见度, 颗粒物,

Abstract:

Using the data from Daxing observation station,twenty-eight road automatic stations and regional automatic stations from 2007 to 2015,the temporal and spatial characteristics of visibility in Beijing were analyzed.The results show that the highest value of visibility appears in spring and the lowest one appears in summer.The annual and summer visibility in Beijing has increased significantly for the last nine years.From 2011 to 2014,the increase in the particulate matters results in low visibility in winter.The visibility in the northwest part is significantly higher than that in the southeast part.The annual spatial distribution of visibility features decreasing gradually from the northwest to the southeast,which is the same as those in autumn and winter.The factors that are highly correlated with visibility are as follows,i.e.relative humid,particulate matters,wind direction,wind speed,and rainfall.However,the degree of the correlation of these factors with the visibility is different according to the different months,seasons and years.During this period,the numbers of days with occurrence of the fog,haze and dust weather phenomena are all increasing.The frequency of visibility less than 10 km mainly increases and that of visibility less than 1 km decreases in the whole area.As for the case study,when the wet haze events (7.13%) occur,the visibility in Beijing becomes worse than when the dry haze events (44.29%) occur.

Key words: Visibility, Particulate matters, Haze

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