主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 53-58.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.01.007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

哈尔滨市空气质量特征及其与气象要素的关系

朱红蕊1, 刘赫男1, 张洪玲1, 尹嫦姣2   

  1. 1. 黑龙江省气候中心, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;
    2. 佳木斯市气象局, 黑龙江 佳木斯 154000
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-11 修回日期:2018-12-18 出版日期:2019-02-28 发布日期:2019-02-28
  • 作者简介:朱红蕊,女,1984年生,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化影响研究,E-mail:hongrui_2008@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(1213112)资助。

Characteristics of air quality and its relationship with meteorological factors in Harbin

ZHU Hong-rui1, LIU He-nan1, ZHANG Hong-ling1, YIN Chang-jiao2   

  1. 1. Climate Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China;
    2. Jiamusi Meteorological Service, Jiamusi 154000, China
  • Received:2017-09-11 Revised:2018-12-18 Online:2019-02-28 Published:2019-02-28

摘要:

利用哈尔滨市2014-2016年逐日空气质量指数(AQI)数据,结合同期气象观测资料,分析了哈尔滨市空气质量的变化特征、主要污染物及与主要气象要素之间的关系。结果表明:近3 a间,哈尔滨空气质量为良级别的天数最多,占47%,达到污染级别的天数占31%,2016年空气质量最佳,优良级别的天数达到284 d,占全年78%;春夏季AQI指数较低,秋冬季AQI指数明显偏高,9月空气质量全年最佳,1月空气质量最差;PM2.5是造成哈尔滨空气污染的最主要污染物,其次是PM10、NO2和臭氧8 h (O3-8 h);AQI与气压之间以正相关为主,秋冬季最为显著;与风速主要表现为负相关,冬季尤为显著;与气温的关系受到采暖的干扰差异较大,年尺度及秋冬季呈负相关,月尺度呈正相关;与降水日数呈负相关;与相对湿度冬季表现为显著正相关,而5-9月为负相关。

关键词: PM2.5, AQI, 空气质量, 气象要素

Abstract:

Based on the air quality index (AQI) and meteorological observation data from 2014 to 2016,the variations of air quality and main pollutants and the relationship between AQI and the main meteorological factors in Harbin were analyzed.The results show that the number of days reaching the good air quality level is the highest,accounting for 47%,that reaching the level of pollution accounts for 31% during this time.The air quality in 2016 is the best.The AQI index is lower in spring and summer,and significantly higher in autumn and winter.The best air quality is found in September and the worst time occurs in winter.PM2.5 is the major pollutant causing air pollution in Harbin,followed by PM10,NO2,and ozone for 8 hours.The correlation between AQI and air pressure is positive and reaches the most significant level in autumn and winter.Wind speed shows mainly negative correlation with AQI,especially in winter.The relationship between temperature and AQI is disturbed by the changes in building heating.It shows a negative correlation in the time scales of annual,autumn and winter.However,it shows a positive correlation in the monthly scales.It has a negative correlation with precipitation,a significant positive correlation with relative humidity in winter and a negative correlation with relative humidity from May to September.

Key words: PM2.5, AQI, Air quality, Meteorological factors

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