主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 101-107.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.01.014

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播种期水分胁迫及补水对玉米出苗率的影响

朱梦媛1, 张慧2,3, 李爽4, 张兵兵3, 常松2, 蔡福5, 赵佳2, 蔡文博2   

  1. 1. 沈阳农业大学, 辽宁 沈阳 110866;
    2. 北镇市气象局, 辽宁 锦州 121300;
    3. 锦州市生态与农业气象中心, 辽宁 锦州 121000;
    4. 锦州市气象局, 辽宁 锦州 121000;
    5. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-21 修回日期:2018-01-04 出版日期:2019-02-28 发布日期:2019-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 张慧,女,工程师,E-mail:zhanghui.107@163.com。 E-mail:zhanghui.107@163.com
  • 作者简介:朱梦媛,女,2000年生,在读学生,主要从事农业气象研究,E-mail:249517975@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41775110)、中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金(2016SYIAE13)、辽宁省市气象局科研项目(2016SXG12)和锦州市气象局科研项目(LQLX201606)共同资助。

Effects of water stress and supplement after sowing on emergence rates of maize

ZHU Meng-yuan1, ZHANG Hui2,3, LI Shuang4, ZHANG Bing-bing3, CHANG Song2, CAI Fu5, ZHAO Jia2, CAI Wen-bo2   

  1. 1. Shenyang Agricultureal University, Shenyang 110866, China;
    2. Beizhen Meteorological Service, Beizhen 121300, China;
    3. Jinzhou Ecology and Agriculture Meteorological Center, Jinzhou 121000, China;
    4. Jinzhou Meteorological Service, Jinzhou 121000, China;
    5. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2017-09-21 Revised:2018-01-04 Online:2019-02-28 Published:2019-02-28

摘要:

为探究玉米播种期水分胁迫及补水对玉米出苗率的影响,利用盆栽方式在玉米播种-出苗期开展水分胁迫及复水控制对比试验,分析播种日土壤相对湿度、播种后补水时间和补水量对辽西地区玉米出苗的影响。结果表明:玉米出苗率随播种日土壤相对湿度的降低,干旱持续时间的增加和补水量的减少而减小。播种后无补水,当播种日土壤相对湿度w播种为60%-70%时,出苗率达100%;w播种为50%-55%时,出苗率达66.7-77.8%;w播种为30%-45%时,出苗率为0。w播种为35%-45%时,持续5-20 d干旱,补水20 mm,出苗率为66.7%-100%,较补水10 mm的出苗率为0%-77.8%。w播种为35%-45%时,需在10-20 d内补水,所需补水量随补水时土壤相对湿度的减小而增加。研究结果可为春旱频发地区确定玉米播种后最迟补水时间和补水量下限提供有效的技术参考。

关键词: 春玉米, 水分胁迫, 土壤相对湿度, 出苗率

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of water stress and supplement during the period from sowing to seedling emergence on the emergence rates of maize,the amount and time of water supplying after sowing and soil relative water content on sowing date (wsowing) were analyzed based on pot experiment under different water supplying schemes.The results show that the emergence rate decreases with decreases of the soil moisture,the duration of drought prolonging and the amount of water supplying reducing.Under the condition without water supplement after sowing,the emergence rates of maize are 100%,77.8% to 66.7% and 0% corresponding to soil moisture from 70% to 60%,55% to 50% and 45% to 30%,respectively.Whereas,when wsowing ranges from 35% to 45% with water supplying of 20 mm for 5 to 20 days after drought,the emergence rates ranges from 66.7% to 100%.But if the water supplying drops to 10 mm,the emergence rates drop to 0 to 77.8%.When wsowing ranges from 35% to 45%,in order to ensure the ideal emergence rate,water supply must be conducted within 10-20 days and their amounts increase with soil moistures decreasing.The research can be used as references for determining the latest time and the minimal amount of water supplying in the areas where maize often suffer spring drought.

Key words: Maize, Water stress, Soil moisture, Emergence rate

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