主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 74-81.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2020.06.009

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国大范围极端低温事件的特征分析

王月1,2,3(),李辑2,*(),焦敏2,刘成瀚1,于航4   

  1. 1. 成都信息工程大学, 四川 成都 610225
    2. 辽宁省生态气象和卫星遥感中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
    3. 沈阳市气象局, 辽宁 沈阳 110168
    4. 榆树市气象局, 吉林 榆树 130400
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-31 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2021-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 李辑 E-mail:w_yue2009@163.com;cqliji@sina.com
  • 作者简介:王月, 女, 1990年生, 在读硕士研究生, 主要从事气候变化方面研究, E-mail:w_yue2009@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1505601)

Analysis of characteristics of large-scale extreme cold events in China

Yue WANG1,2,3(),Ji LI2,*(),Min JIAO2,Cheng-han LIU1,Hang YU4   

  1. 1. Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
    2. Ecological Meteorology and Satelite Remote Sensing Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, China
    3. Shenyang Meteorological Service, Shenyang 110168, China
    4. Yushu Meteorological Service, Yushu 130400, China
  • Received:2019-10-31 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2021-01-06
  • Contact: Ji LI E-mail:w_yue2009@163.com;cqliji@sina.com

摘要:

利用NCEP/NCAR的逐日再分析资料和国家气象信息中心的观测站温度资料,分析了中国大范围极端低温事件的特征。基于强度、范围和时间3个条件定义了全国性极端低温事件,得到38个大范围极端低温事件(LECES),根据影响地域分为全国型、东部型、华南华北型、西北华南型、华北东北型5类,对比分析各类型事件的环流形势特征。结果表明:全国型LECES在发生前15 d左右存在前兆信号,乌拉尔山出现明显的阻塞形势,300 hPa高空急流呈正负纬向带状分布,急流增加,东亚季风强,西伯利亚高压增强,冷空气在亚洲北部堆积。在850 hPa上,西伯利亚地区为异常强大的反气旋,中国大部分地区受北风控制,这种高低空环流系统的配置和演变影响着我国,使中国发生极端低温天气。此外,与全国型LECES相比,其他型LECES在发生前5 d左右出现前兆信号,事件持续时间短,强度弱,且500 hPa高度场、海平面气压场的异常区域决定了LECES的类型。

关键词: 极端低温事件, 全国型LECES, 环流形势

Abstract:

Based on the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) daily reanalysis data and the temperature data collected at conventional observation stations from the National Meteorological Information center, the characteristics of the large-scale extreme cold events in China were analyzed.The national extreme low temperature events were defined based on intensity, range and time, and thirty-eight large-scale extreme cold temperature events (LECES) were obtained, which were divided into five types according to different affected regions:national, Eastern, South and North China, Northwest and South China, and Northeast China.The circulation backgrounds of different styles of the LECES were also analyzed.The results show that there are precursor signals about 15 days before the occurrence of the nationwide LECES.An obvious blocking situation appears in the Ural Mountains.The upper-level jet stream at 300 hPa shows zonal direction in positive and negative, which strengthens the circulation system of East Asian monsoon and Siberian high, and the cold air accumulates in northern Asia.An extraordinarily strong anticyclone covers Siberia at 850 hPa, and most of China is controlled by northerly winds.Such a spatial configuration and evolution of circulation system in the middle and lower troposphere affects China and causes extreme cold temperature events.Besides, compared with the nationwide LECES, the other types of LECES have the precursor signal about five days before the event, with short duration and weak intensity.And the anomaly area of 500 hPa height field and sea level pressure field determines the type of LECES.

Key words: Extreme cold events, Nationwide LECES, Circulation backgrounds

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