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    东北初夏和盛夏降水时空变化及大气环流因子新特征分析

    Analysis of spatio-temporal variation characteristics and atmospheric circulation factors of precipitation in early and mid-summer in Northeast China

    • 摘要: 基于东北区域1961—2019年245站逐日降水资料,利用经验正交函数方法(EOF)、累计距平方法、滑动t检验、小波分析和相关分析等分析了东北地区初夏(6月)和盛夏(7—8月)降水的时空特征。结果表明:东北盛夏降水主要集中于东北东南部地区,初夏北部和东北部降水量也较多。东北初夏和盛夏降水EOF第一和第四模态分别表现为全区一致和自北向南负—正—负(正—负—正)的变化特征。初夏降水在1972年和1995年左右发生了共两次突变。盛夏降水分别在1966年、1983年和1998年左右发生了共3次突变。东北初夏降水在20世纪80—90年代存在显著的准6 a振荡周期,90年代后期开始准3 a周期较为显著;盛夏降水存在12 a左右的主振荡周期,且20世纪90年代之后3—4 a左右的年际尺度振荡周期显著。通过分时段探讨与降水相关的环流场特征,发现了东北初夏降水受东北冷涡的影响增强,盛夏降水由主要受西太平洋副热带高压影响转为受中纬西风带系统影响为主的新特征。

       

      Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation data of 245 weather stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2019, the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation in early summer (June) and mid-summer (July and August) in Northeast China were analyzed using EOF, cumulative anomaly, moving t-test, Wavelet analysis, and correlation analysis methods. The results show that precipitation in mid-summer in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in the southeast, and more precipitation is distributed in the north and northeast in early summer. The first and fourth modes of EOF in early and mid-summer are consistent across the whole area and feature a change of negative-positive-negative (positive-negative-positive) from north to south, respectively. There are two abrupt changes of precipitation in early summer in 1972 and 1995 and three abrupt changes in mid-summer precipitation in 1966, 1983, and 1998, respectively. There are prominent quasi-6-year and quasi-3-year oscillation periods in mid-summer precipitation in northeast China from the 1980s to 1990s and late 1990s, respectively. The main oscillation period of midsummer precipitation is about 12 years, and the interannual scale oscillation period for 3-4 years appears after the 1990s. With investigating the characteristics of circulation field related to precipitation on time division, it is found that the influence of Northeast Cold Vortex on the precipitation in early summer is enhanced, and the impact factors of precipitation in mid-summer transforms from the Western Pacific subtropical high to the mid-latitude westerlies system, indicating a new characteristic.

       

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