上海市高温日的日最高气温空间分布特征及改善措施

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.05.012

气象与环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 84-91.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.05.012

上海市高温日的日最高气温空间分布特征及改善措施

姜荣, 魏宁, 陈亮, 李佳璇, 象伟宁

上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室华东师范大学生态与环境学院, 上海 200241

收稿日期:2015-09-14 修回日期:2015-12-31 出版日期:2016-10-31 发布日期:2016-10-31
通讯作者: 陈亮 E-mail:lchen@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:姜荣,女,1990年生,在读硕士研究生,主要从事城市热环境研究,E-mail:jiangrong512@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“高密度高异质性地表城市环境中平均辐射温度（Tmrt）的模拟与分析研究—以上海市为例”（41301087）资助。

Characteristics of spatial distribution of daily maximum temperature on hot days and its improving measurements in Shanghai

JIANG Rong, WEI Ning, CHEN Liang, LI Jia-xuan, XIANG Wei-ning

Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2015-09-14 Revised:2015-12-31 Online:2016-10-31 Published:2016-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2013年7月12日、8月13日、8月29日3个高温日的Landsat OLI遥感数据和气象数据，采用空间回归法评估了上海市高温日的日最高气温空间分布特征，从气温分区、景观格局和空间自相关3个方面综合分析了3个温区（低温区、中温区和高温区）的热环境分布特征；在此基础上，结合上海市土地利用数据，着重研究了高温区（日最高气温≥38℃）的分布特征和土地利用类型的组合特征。结果表明：通过地表温度、归一化水汽指数和太阳辐射，采用最小二乘回归法建立的预测模型可较好的预测上海市高温日的日最高气温（RMSE=1.75℃，R²=0.92），可获得完整的、连续的城市热环境空间分布。城市热环境具有非均衡性、多样性和破碎性，且相似的温区斑块具有空间聚集性，上海市低温区（日最高气温<35℃）主要分布在水域和上海南部地区，高温区（日最高气温≥38℃）主要分布在城市或郊区居民区。城市用地将增强城市热环境，水域和植被有助于改善城市热环境，今后可通过合理的城市规划、控制城市发展规模及增加绿化面积等措施减缓极端高温天气产生的影响。

关键词: 高温日, 日最高气温, 空间异质性, 改善措施

Abstract:

Based on data from Landsat OLI (Operational Land Imager) and meteorological stations on July 12,August 13 and 29,2013,the spatial distributions of temperature on hot days in Shanghai were evaluated using a spatial regression method.The distribution characteristics of thermal environment for low,medium and high temperature zones were analyzed from temperature division,landscape structure,and spatial autocorrelation.On the above basis,the composite characteristics of distribution and land use type of the high-temperature zone in which the daily maximum temperature is larger than 38℃ were studied combining the land use data in Shanghai.The results show that the prediction model established by a least square regression method using surface temperature,normalized water vapor index and solar radiation plays very well in predicting the temperature on hot days with RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 1.75℃ and R² of 0.92.Using this model we can get a whole and continuous spatial distribution of urban thermal environment.It demonstrates non-equilibrium,variety and crushability characteristics in the urban thermal environment.Meanwhile,there is a spatial aggregation feature in the similar temperature zones.The low-temperature zones,in which the daily maximum temperature is less than 35℃,are mainly located in the water area and the southern part,and the high-temperature zones are at the urban or suburb residential areas in Shanghai.It indicates that the urban land use increases the urban thermal environment,while water and vegetation are beneficial to reduce it.Therefore,it suggests that the adverse effect resulted by the extremely high-temperature weather could be mitigated through a series of measurements,such as planning the urban reasonably,controlling the development level and increasing the greening areas in the future.

Key words: Hot day, Daily maximum temperature, Spatial heterogeneity, Improving measurement

中图分类号:

P423

姜荣, 魏宁, 陈亮, 李佳璇, 象伟宁. 上海市高温日的日最高气温空间分布特征及改善措施[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32(5): 84-91.

JIANG Rong, WEI Ning, CHEN Liang, LI Jia-xuan, XIANG Wei-ning. Characteristics of spatial distribution of daily maximum temperature on hot days and its improving measurements in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2016, 32(5): 84-91.

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上海市高温日的日最高气温空间分布特征及改善措施

Characteristics of spatial distribution of daily maximum temperature on hot days and its improving measurements in Shanghai

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