主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 52-60.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.02.007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系

毛卓成1,2, 马井会1,2, 瞿元昊1, 余钟奇1,2, 周广强1,2, 许建明1,2   

  1. 1. 长三角环境气象预报预警中心, 上海 200030;
    2. 上海市气象与健康实验室, 上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-18 修回日期:2017-03-07 出版日期:2018-04-30 发布日期:2018-04-30
  • 作者简介:毛卓成,男,1983年生,工程师,主要从事环境气象预报研究,E-mail:jlbbyhj002@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0201903)、华东区域气象科技协同创新基金合作项目(QYHZ201401)和上海市科技开发项目(MS201605)共同资助。

Relationships between air quality and meteorological conditions in Shanghai in 2015

MAO Zhuo-cheng1,2, MA Jing-hui1,2, QU Yuan-hao1, YU Zhong-qi1,2, ZHOU Guang-qiang1,2, XU Jian-ming1,2   

  1. 1. Yangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai 200030, China;
    2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2016-11-18 Revised:2017-03-07 Online:2018-04-30 Published:2018-04-30

摘要: 利用2001-2015年上海地区空气质量监测资料和2014-2015年气象观测资料,详细分析了2015年(强厄尔尼诺年)大气环流背景下上海地区的空气质量状况及其变化特征,并分析了引起这种变化的气象因子的特征。结果表明:2015年上海地区PM10和SO2年平均浓度均达2001-2015年的最低值,NO2为次低值。上海地区空气污染已从S、N和PM10等传统煤烟型污染转为以PM2.5为代表的复合型污染和以O3为代表的光化学污染。在上海、广州和北京3个一线城市中,2015年上海市空气质量优良率、PM2.5和PM10年平均浓度均介于北京和广州市之间,上海市年平均NO2和O3浓度最低,SO2年平均浓度最高。2015年上海市PM2.5浓度较2014年出现上升趋势,其中春季和夏季PM2.5浓度明显下降,而易污染季节(1月、2月、10月、11月和12月)PM2.5浓度显著上升,主要是由于易污染季节平均风速减小,连续小风次数出现增多,逆温强度增强和逆温次数增多及西向输送增加。受强厄尔尼诺事件影响,易污染季节北半球极涡收缩,欧亚纬向环流增强和东亚大槽偏东偏弱,导致冷空气活动减弱,为2015年上海市空气质量变差提供了大气环流背景。

关键词: 易污染季节, 空气质量, 气象条件, 厄尔尼诺事件, 大气环流

Abstract: Using the air quality data from 2001 to 2015 and the meteorological data from 2014 to 2015,the air quality status,variation characteristics,and the corresponding meteorological factors in Shanghai in the context of strong El Niño atmospheric circulation in 2015 were analyzed.The results show that average annual concentrations of PM 10 and SO2 in 2015 in Shanghai reach the lowest values during the recent 15 years,and that of NO2 reaches its second lowest value.The air pollution situation in Shanghai has shifted from the traditional coal burning pollutants,such as sulfur,nitrogen,and PM10,to a compound pollution represented by PM2.5 and photochemical pollution represented by O3.Among the three firsttier cities,the excellent and good rate of air quality and average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in 2015 in Shanghai are all between those in Beijing and Guangzhou.The average annual concentrations of NO 2 and O3 in Shanghai are the lowest,and that of SO2 in Shanghai is the highest.The concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai in 2015 is higher than that in 2014.Compared with 2014,the concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai decreases significantly in spring and summer in 2015,and those in the easily-polluted seasons including January,February,October,November and December increase significantly.This is mainly due to the lower wind speed,fewer times of continuous small winds,stronger in the inversion intensity,more times of inverse temperature,and increasing intensity in the west wind transport in the easily-polluted seasons in 2015.Influenced by the strong El Niño event,a weaker cold air activity is formed due to the polar vortex contraction in the northern hemisphere,strengthening in the Eurasian Zonal Circulation,and weakening and eastward in the East Asia Trough in the pollution season.It provides an atmospheric circulation background for the bad air quality condition in 2015 in Shanghai.

Key words: Easily-polluted season, Air quality, Meteorological condition, El Niño event, Atmospheric circulation

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