Abstract: Taking the observation station of Jinzhou Ecological and Agrometeorological Center as the study area,this research conducted localized parameter optimization and functional improvement of the land surface model Noah-MP-Crop,based on measured data including sowing dates,growth period duration,accumulated temperature conditions,and key physiological indices of spring maize.To verify the simulation performance of the improved model,single-point offline simulations were carried out using meteorological forcing data from 2011 to 2014.Meanwhile,the capability of model in simulating the key processes of the spring maize agro-ecosystem was systematically evaluated by comparing the simulated values with measured data of biomass of different organs,leaf area index (LAI),hourly surface sensible/latent heat fluxes,and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during various growth stages of spring maize.The results showed that,compared with the original Noah-MP model,the improved Noah-MP-Crop model significantly enhanced the simulation accuracy of seasonal dynamics and interannual variations of LAI of spring maize during the growing season,with its mean absolute deviation (MAD) decreasing from 1.05 m²·m^-2 to 0.63 m²·m^-2.The model could reasonably simulate the dynamic changes in stem biomass and yield,but there was a systematic underestimation with the MAD of yield simulation reaching 347.5 g·m^-2.The improved LAI simulation performance further optimized the simulation effect of surface energy fluxes:the MAD of daytime surface sensible heat flux simulation decreased from 36.0 W·m^-2 to 24.2 W·m^-2.The model's ability to simulate the monthly dynamics of surface latent heat flux was improved,however,an overall overestimation still existed,with the MAD of daytime simulation being 52.4 W·m^-2.In addition,the Noah-MP-Crop model achieved high-precision simulation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE).It is worth noting that the model showed no obvious improvement in simulating topsoil water content; and there was a significant overestimation in the growing season simulation of spring drought years,with the MAD being approximately 0.1 m³·m^-3.Overall,the Noah-MP-Crop model exhibited good performance in simulating the key processes of the spring maize agro-ecosystem in years with adequate rainfall.However,in drought years,there was still a large deviation between the simulated results of spring maize growth dynamics and the actual conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to further optimize the model's simulation of crop physiological processes under drought stress in the future.