Characteristic analysis of thunderstorm gale process in Shenyang under a background of cold vortex

Based on the data of precipitation observation at Liaoning national station and regional automatic station, doppler weather radar, wind profile radar, and hourly reanalysis data of the ECMWF ERA5, the formation mechanism of extreme disaster-causing thunderstorms and gales in Shenyang from the evening to the night of June 25, 2022, and the prediction effect of the numerical model were analyzed.The results show that the extreme hailstorm occurs under the background of the northeast cold vortex, the shear line, and the ground convergence line jointly trigger the generation of convective storms, and the strong vertical wind shear and unstable stratification enhance the development of hailstorms.In the process of the strong hailstorm, several strong convective cells gradually develop and appear as bow echoes after consolidation and enhancement.The existence of shallow low-level gamma mesoscale vortices in the front of the bow echo can lead to the enhancement of downdraft, and the combination with the backward inflow jet can lead to local extreme wind.The mesoscale numerical model can predict the circulation situation and precipitation area of severe convective weather to a certain extent, but the prediction of the intensity of the convective storm is still difficult.