主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 108-112.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2017.01.015

• 简报 • 上一篇    

不同发育期的干旱对华北地区夏玉米生长发育及产量的影响

徐英1, 李曼华2, 李辉3, 姜鹏4   

  1. 1. 夏津县气象局, 山东 夏津 253200;
    2. 山东省气候中心, 山东 济南 250031;
    3. 石景山气象局, 北京 100041;
    4. 淄博市气象局, 山东 淄博 255000
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-13 修回日期:2016-03-24 出版日期:2017-02-28 发布日期:2017-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 李曼华,E-mail:leehuar@126.com。 E-mail:leehuar@126.com
  • 作者简介:徐英,女,1962年生,工程师,主要从事农业气象应用研究,E-mail:xiajinxuying1962@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项“干旱对华北玉米生长发育和产量影响的定量评估技术研究”(GYHY201306076)资助。

Effects of drought on the growth and yield of maize at different stages over the North China plain

XU Ying1, LI Man-hua2, LI Hui3, JIANG Peng4   

  1. 1. Xiajin Meteorological Service, Xiajin 253200, China;
    2. Shandong Provincial Climate Center, Jinan 250031, China;
    3. Shijingshan Meteorological Service, Beijing 100041, China;
    4. Zibo Meteorological Service, Zibo 255000, China
  • Received:2015-10-13 Revised:2016-03-24 Online:2017-02-28 Published:2017-02-28

摘要: 以“郑单958”为试验材料,分别在夏玉米出苗—拔节期和出苗—抽雄期进行土壤水分控制试验,研究不同发育期不同程度干旱对华北地区夏玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:不同发育期的干旱对华北地区夏玉米的生长发育均具有抑制作用,具体表现为株高变矮、叶面积降低及干物重减少等。与对照T5处理相比,T1处理的玉米,株高偏矮33.5%,叶面积指数下降60.7%,果穗长、穗粒数、百粒重分别下降了18.3%、54.7%和22.5%;与对照T5处理相比,T3处理的玉米,株高偏矮35.8%,叶面积指数下降58.8%,果穗长、穗粒数、百粒重分别下降了24.1%、58.9%和24.4%。可见,干旱灾害是制约华北地区夏玉米高产的一个关键因子,干旱程度越重,持续时间越长,对玉米干物质积累和产量影响越大。

关键词: 干旱, 夏玉米, 生长发育, 产量构成

Abstract: The summer maize cultivar-Zhengdan 958 was selected as a test object to study the effects of different drought levels on its growth and yield at different growth stages.The experimental control of soil water content was carried out at the stages from emergence to jointing and from emergence to tasselling.The results show that all of the soil water shortage experiments have a negative effect on the growth of maize,characterizing as shorter height,lower leaf area,and less dry matter weight.Compared with the control treatment-T5,the plant height,leaf area index,ear length,grain number per ear and 100-grain weight under T1 treatment decrease 33.5%,60.7%,18.3%,54.7% and 22.5% respectively,and these indices under T3 treatment decrease 35.8%,58.8%,24.1%,58.9% and 24.4%,respectively.So,drought is a key factor to influence the yield of maize in North China.The more severe the drought is and the longer it lasts,the more negative effects it brings on the dry matter accumulation and yield of maize.

Key words: Drought, Summer maize, Growth stage, Yield

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