主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 88-94.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2017.03.011

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于实际蒸散量辽西地区春玉米生物量及产量评价

张慧1,2,3, 史奎桥3, 常松2, 杨扬3, 李爽4, 贾宁2, 赵佳2   

  1. 1. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166;
    2. 北镇市气象局, 辽宁 北镇 121300;
    3. 锦州市生态与农业气象中心, 辽宁 锦州 121001;
    4. 锦州市气象局, 辽宁 锦州 121000
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-31 修回日期:2016-11-29 出版日期:2017-06-30 发布日期:2017-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 史奎桥,E-mail:jzstynqzx@163.com。 E-mail:jzstynqzx@163.com
  • 作者简介:张慧,女,1986年生,工程师,主要从事农业气象研究,E-mail:zhanghui.107@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金(2016SYIAE13)、辽宁省市县级气象局自筹资金科研项目(2016SXG12)、辽宁省锦州市气象局科研项目(JQLX201606)和辽宁省气象局博士科研专项(D201504)共同资助。

Assessments of biomass and yield of spring maize in the west of Liaoning province base on actual evapotranspiration

ZHANG Hui1,2,3, SHI Kui-qiao3, CHANG Song2, YANG Yang3, LI Shuang4, JIA Ning2, ZHAO Jia2   

  1. 1. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China;
    2. Beizhen Meteorological Service, Beizhen 121300, China;
    3. Jinzhou Ecology and Agriculture Meteorological Center, Jinzhou 121001, China;
    4. Jinzhou Meteorological Service, Jinzhou 121000, China
  • Received:2016-08-31 Revised:2016-11-29 Online:2017-06-30 Published:2017-06-30

摘要: 为了确定辽西地区春玉米各发育阶段生长状况及最终产量的评价方法,基于2011—2015锦州农业气象试验站开展的玉米分期播种试验,利用锦州地区气象观测数据、玉米发育期数据和玉米各发育阶段地上生物量及产量数据,采用Penman-Monteith方法和数理统计方法分析锦州地区玉米不同发育阶段实际蒸散量与地上气象生物量和气象产量的相关关系,并建立玉米各发育期生长状况及最终产量评估模型。结果表明:2011—2015年锦州地区玉米各发育阶段实际蒸散量与地上气象生物量和气象产量之间的线性关系显著,播种—七叶阶段二者呈显著的相关关系(P<0.05),播种—拔节、播种—抽雄、播种—乳熟和播种—成熟阶段二者呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01)。建立的玉米各发育期生长状况及产量评估模型的预报准确率为77.8%—94.5%。辽西地区玉米正常生长全生育期水分供应的下限为333.2 mm,其中播种—七叶、七叶—拔节、拔节—抽雄、抽雄—乳熟和乳熟—成熟阶段水分供应的下限分别为49.9 mm、23.3 mm、83.4 mm、118.9 mm、57.7 mm。玉米各发育阶段干旱对产量影响的程度由重至轻依次为:拔节—抽雄 > 抽雄—乳熟 > 七叶—拔节 > 播种—七叶 > 乳熟—成熟。本文基于玉米实际蒸散建立的辽西地区春玉米生物量及产量评估方法,可以满足农业气象产量预报服务的需求,在实际业务中具有应用价值。

关键词: 玉米, 实际蒸散量, 气象产量, 气象生物量, 线性相关

Abstract: To determine the assessement method of growth condition in different growth periods and yield of spring maize in the west the Liaoning province,based on weather,maize phenology,biomass and yield data from different sowing date experiment in Jinzhou from 2011 to 2015,the relationships between above-ground biomass of maize (AGB) in different growth periods,meteorological yield (MY) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) were investigated with Penman-Monteith and mathematical statistics methods.At the same time,a model evaluating growth conditions of different growth stages and final output of maize was established.The results show that linear relationships between AGB,MY and AET are significant,respectively.More specifically,the relationships between AGB in different growth periods and corresponding AET are significant at 5% level in sowing to seven-leaf stage and at 1% level in sowing to jointing,sowing to tasseling and sowing to milk stage.The forecast accuracies of the developed model for different maize growth periods range from 77.8% to 94.5%.In addition,the floor levels of water supplies for maize normally growing in the west of Liaoning province are 333.2 mm,23.3 mm,83.4 mm,118.9 mm and 57.7 mm during the whole growth period,sowing to seven leaf,seven leaf to jointing,jointing to tasseling and tasseling to milk stages,respectively.Meanwhile,for the stages when maize suffers drought stress,the influence of drought stress on yield in an order of heavy to light ranges at jointing-tasseling,tasseling-milky ripening,seven leaf-jointing,sowing-seven leaf and milk-maturation stage.In general,the method established in this paper can meet the demand on agrometerological yield forecast service and has realistic value in drought impact assessment operation.

Key words: Maize, Actual evapotranspiration, Meteorological yield, Meteorological biomass, Linear correlation

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