主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 102-106.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2019.02.015

• 简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

花后持续干旱对玉米生理参数及产量的影响

马永忠1, 蔡福2, 赵先丽2, 王阳3   

  1. 1. 建昌县气象局, 辽宁 建昌 125300;
    2. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166;
    3. 辽宁省气象科学研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-20 修回日期:2018-07-12 出版日期:2019-04-30 发布日期:2019-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 蔡福,男,研究员,E-mail:caifu_80@163.com E-mail:caifu_80@163.com
  • 作者简介:马永忠,男,1973年生,高级工程师,主要从事农业气象研究,E-mail:405216924@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目(2015060)、国家自然科学基金(41775110、31701313)、辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划(20180551206)、中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201609)和辽宁省农业攻关及成果产业化项目(2014210003)共同资助。

Responses of main physiological parameters and yield of spring maize to drought stress after flowering

MA Yong-zhong1, CAI Fu2, ZHAO Xian-li2, WANG Yang3   

  1. 1. Jianchang County Meteorological Service, Jianchang 125300, China;
    2. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China;
    3. Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2018-04-20 Revised:2018-07-12 Online:2019-04-30 Published:2019-04-30

摘要:

为研究玉米开花后的持续干旱对其生理过程及产量的影响,采用在玉米灌浆阶段持续控水的方式开展干旱胁迫试验,对主要光合参量(净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr)、光响应参数、水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)及产量结构进行观测和计算,分析它们对干旱的响应特征。结果表明:玉米花后干旱可导致PnTrWUE以及最大净光合速率(Pnmax)随干旱持续时间延长而减小,干旱持续15—27 d,1200 μmol·m-2·s-1光强处PnTr减小幅度分别由50.0%增大到75.1%、71.7%增大到83.6%;WUEPnmax减小幅度分别由21.7%增大到47.9%,由50.9%增大到73.2%;玉米百粒重和茎秆重分别显著减小11.6%和23.2%,果穗长、果穗粗和籽粒与茎秆比没有明显受到影响,秃尖比和株籽粒重虽有大幅增大和减小,但并不显著;研究时段内干旱导致玉米减产11.7%。

关键词: 春玉米, 生殖生长期, 干旱胁迫, 光合参数, 产量

Abstract:

For understanding the response characteristics of physiological process and yield of spring maize to drought stress,a field experiment with continuous no-water complementing was conducted from filling to mature stage of spring maize "Danyu 39".In the meantime,main variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr),photo response parameter,water use efficiency (WUE) and yield factors were observed and calculated as well as their response characteristics to drought stress were investigated.The results indicate that Pn,Tr,WUE and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) are decreasing with the duration of drought prolonging after flowering.During the 15th to 27th day of water controlling,the decrement rates for Pn and Tr vary from 50.0% to 75.1% and 71.7% to 83.6% under the light intensity of 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1,and those for WUE and Pnmax expand from 21.7% to 47.9% and 50.9% to 73.2%,respectively.In addition,the drought stress also induces significant decreases of 11.6% and 23.2% for hundred-grain and stalk weight of maize.However,the length and thickness of maize cluster as well as the ratio of grain to stalk do not vary significantly,while the radio of bare-tip and plant grain weight demonstrate a non-significant increasing and decreasing trend,respectively.Besides,a reduction rate of 11.7% for maize yield is caused by the drought during the studied period.

Key words: Spring maize, Reproductive phase, Drought stress, Physiological parameter, Yield

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