基于超越概率的重庆市住宅区风环境品质定量评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2020.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化发展显著改变城市下垫面几何形态，导致局地风环境品质恶化，产生城市风环境问题。本文基于超越概率阈值法，结合计算流体力学数值模拟，建立适用于住宅区风环境品质定量评估的一般方法和流程。并以重庆市龙湖社区为例，从大概率和偶发事件的角度对住宅区精细化风环境品质进行评估。结果表明：受复杂下垫面影响，住宅区风环境品质存在明显的区域差异。在开阔空间、与盛行风向一致的街道以及高层建筑周围，风速整体偏大，风环境品质较差，等级为1级乙；在建筑物密集区和封闭的小区内部，风速整体偏小，风环境品质较好，等级为1级甲。城市下垫面的摩擦阻力作用，使住宅区平均风速降低，小区整体风环境品质等级趋于良好。风环境品质评估对促进精细化气象服务水平的提升和城市防灾减灾能力的提高有一定的积极作用。

关键词: 风环境, 城市住宅区, 计算流体力学, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization significantly modifies the urban morphology, leading to unfavorable wind environment at pedestrian level in neighborhoods.This study utilized a method based on exceeding probability and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to establish a general way and process on quantitative assessment of wind environment in neighborhoods.A case study was carried out in Chongqing Longfo neighborhoods on aspects of both frequent events and occasional events.The results show that the wind environment exhibits a dramatic regional difference due to complex underlying surfaces.The winds at open spaces, streets parallel to background wind directions and certain regions around tall buildings tend to be stronger than that in densely-built regions and the inner spaces of closed residential estate.The quality of wind environment of the former is graded as level 1b, and the quality of the latter is graded as level 1a.In general, the urban surface can act as frictional force which reduces the overall wind speed in the neighborhoods and further results in a favorable wind environment.These results could aid to promote fine service of urban weather and climate forecasting at neighborhood's scale, and enhance the ability of disaster prevention and reduction on urban meteorology.

Key words: Wind environment, Urban neighborhoods, Computational fluid dynamics(CFD), Numerical Simulation

中图分类号:

P456.7

姜平,刘晓冉,康俊,廖代强,周杰. 基于超越概率的重庆市住宅区风环境品质定量评估[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2020, 36(6): 31-41.

Ping JIANG,Xiao-ran LIU,Jun KANG,Dai-qiang LIAO,Jie ZHOU. Quantitative assessment of wind environment in neighborhoods based on exceeding probability in Chongqing[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(6): 31-41.

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活动类别	风环境品质等级	风速范围U/(m·s^-1)	风速标准U₀/(m·s^-1)	概率P/(%)
坐	1	U>2.5	2.5	≤20
站立	2	U>3.9	3.9	≤20
行走	3	U>5.0	5.0	≤20
-	不舒适	U>5.0	5.0	>20

活动类别	风环境品质等级	次级风环境品质等级	风速范围U/(m·s^-1)	风速标准U₀/(m·s^-1)	概率P/(%)
		1级甲	U>1.2	1.2	≤20
坐	1	1级乙	U>1.9	1.9	≤20
		1级丙	U>2.5	2.5	≤20
站立	2	-	U>3.9	3.9	≤20
行走	3	-	U>5.0	5.0	≤20
-	不舒适	-	U>5.0	5.0	>20

风环境品质等级	风速范围U /(m·s^-1)	风速标准U₀/(m·s^-1)	概率P/(%)
舒适	U>5.0	5.0	≤0.1
不舒适	U>5.0	5.0	>0.1

参数	描述
基本方程	非静力、完全可压纳维—斯托克斯方程
坐标	三维笛卡尔
离散方法	有限元
网格	规则结构化交错网格
水平空间分辨率	均匀
时间积分方案	完全隐式
平流方案	QUICK
求解方法	SIMPLER
下垫面处理方法	blocking-off
湍流方案	Lilly-Smagorinsky LES

风向i	N	NNE	NE	ENE	E	ESE	SE	SSE
平均风速(${\bar U_l} $)/(m·s^-1)	1.15	1.10	1.17	1.34	1.35	1.36	1.50	1.41

风向i	S	SSW	SW	WSW	W	WNW	NW	NNW
平均风速$ {\bar U_l}$ /(m·s^-1)	1.29	1.34	1.13	1.04	1.27	1.43	1.57	1.64