中国江南-华南地区一次强飑线天气过程位涡诊断分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2021.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用FY-4A卫星红外和水汽云图资料，结合NCEP分析场资料以及地面自动气象站变压、变温、大风及降水资料，计算等熵面位涡，分析2018年3月4日中国江南—华南地区强飑线过程的发生发展机制及持续性大风产生的主要原因。结果表明：对流单体触发于低层辐合系统，由于雷暴下沉气流与其前方的低层暖湿西南气流形成地面辐合线，并且移入地区的水汽、静力不稳定及垂直风切变条件对强对流风暴的发展均十分有利，使得导致极端对流大风的强对流风暴持续发展。极端大风主要分布在飑线中弓形结构的顶端，落区与亮温梯度和变压梯度相对应，导致变压风增大；飑线的移动与引导气流方向一致，系统走向和低层西南急流接近于垂直，系统移速加快，动量下传效应增强，均是导致极端地面大风的成因。位涡分布表明高位涡的侵入和呈弓形分布的低位涡区的形成具有一定关联，干侵入区与等熵面上高位涡区有着较好的对应，飑线后部的暗区正是干侵入的前沿，高层高位涡的下传是飑线系统持续发展的成因。

关键词: 极端大风, FY-4A, 红外图像, 水汽图像, 干侵入

Abstract:

Based on the data of FY-4A satellite infrared and water vapor cloud image, the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis field, variable pressure, variable temperature, gale, and precipitation from the ground automatic weather stations, the occurrence, and development mechanism of a strong squall line in South China occurring on March 4, 2018, and the main causes of the persistent gale were analyzed by calculating the vortex of the isentropic surface.The results show that the convective cell is triggered by a low-level convergence system.A thunderstorm sinking airflow forms a ground convergence line with the southwest airflow in front of it, and the water vapor, static instability, and vertical wind shear conditions in the moving area are favorable to the development of severe convective storms and cause a convective storm to occur.The area of the extreme gale is mainly distributed at the top of the bow structure in the squall line.The falling area corresponds to the gradients of the brightness temperature and the variable pressure, which increases the variable pressure wind.The moving direction of the squall line is consistent with that of the guiding airflow and almost perpendicular to that of the low-level Southwest jet.The speed of the squall line is significantly accelerated, and the momentum downward effect is enhanced, which may be the important cause of an extreme gale on the ground.The potential vortex (PV) distribution indicates that the intrusion of high PV has a certain correlation with the formation of bow-shaped in the low PV region.The dry intrusion zone has a good correspondence with the high PV region on the isentropic layer.The dark zone at the back of the squall line is the front of dry intrusion.The downward propagation of the high potential vortex at the upper level is the cause of the continuous development of the squall line.

Key words: Extreme gale, FY-4A satellite, Infrared image, Water vapor cloud images, Dry intrusion

中图分类号:

P458.2

李文娟, 俞小鼎, 滕代高, 彭霞云, 刘汉华. 中国江南-华南地区一次强飑线天气过程位涡诊断分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37(6): 1-10.

Wen-juan LI, Xiao-ding YU, Dai-gao TENG, Xia-yun PENG, Han-hua LIU. Diagnostic analysis of potential vortex of a severe squall line weather process in South China[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(6): 1-10.

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