主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 1-11.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.02.001

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽宁东南半岛两次北上台风暴雨特征及成因对比分析

崔曜鹏1,2(),杨磊1,3,*(),孙丽1,高艳波2,魏海宁2,华婧婧2,崔景轩2,刘春溪2   

  1. 1. 东北冷涡研究重点开放实验室, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
    2. 本溪市气象局, 辽宁 本溪 117000
    3. 辽宁省气象灾害监测预警中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-10 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 杨磊 E-mail:jim19870316@163.com;yanglei_nuist@163.com
  • 作者简介:崔曜鹏, 男, 1987年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事中短期天气预报预警研究, E-mail: jim19870316@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划重大专项(2018YFC1507301);国家自然科学基金(41705127);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2017015);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020026);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金(2021SYIAEKFMS17);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金(2021SYIAEKFMS21);环渤海区域项目(QYXM202102);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所中央级公益性基本科研业务费项目(2019SYIAEMS2);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所中央级公益性基本科研业务费项目(2020SYIAEZH1);气象预报发展专项(YBGJXM20190105);气象预报发展专项(CXFZ2022J059)

Comparison of characteristics and causes of two northward typhoon rainstorms in the Southeast Peninsula of Liaoning province

Yao-peng CUI1,2(),Lei YANG1,3,*(),Li SUN1,Yan-bo GAO2,Hai-ning WEI2,Jing-jing HUA2,Jing-xuan CUI2,Chun-xi LIU2   

  1. 1. Key Opening Laboratory for Northeast China Cold Vortex Research, Shenyang 110166, China
    2. Benxi Meteorological Service, Benxi 117000, China
    3. Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Centre, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2020-02-10 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Lei YANG E-mail:jim19870316@163.com;yanglei_nuist@163.com

摘要:

利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料、卫星和雷达资料等对2012年台风“达维”(过程1)和2017年台风“海棠”(过程2)导致的辽宁东南半岛两次极端暴雨过程的降水特征及成因进行对比分析。结果表明: 两次过程的降水特征存在差异,过程1是大范围的稳定持续性暴雨,受台风倒槽触发的多个中尺度云团造成的列车效应影响,持续时间长达30 h; 而过程2的小时雨强更大,最强达到113 mm·h-1,小尺度积云不断新生并涌入到中尺度云团中,雷达图存在后向传播特征,强风暴基本反射率达到50—60 dBz,中尺度辐合风场伸展高度达到9 km,对流云发展更旺盛,过程2的对流性降水特征更明显。过程1暴雨在台风倒槽里发展,过程2在台风输送的暖湿空气与对流层干冷空气的相互作用中产生。两次过程中,台风残涡与副热带高压间均形成了横跨10个纬距的水汽输送带,850 hPa水汽通量均达到20—25 g-1·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1,比湿和水汽通量散度达到辽宁登陆台风暴雨物理量的预报阈值; 远距离台风对阻挡副热带高压南落和建立北上台风引导气流起到关键作用。过程1受“达维”残涡倒槽影响,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,动力抬升条件更强; 过程2中850 hPa假相当位温达到354 K,由于中层干空气侵入,位势不稳定较强,在大尺度辐合和地形强迫抬升作用下,形成更为深厚对流云,对流性降水特征明显。

关键词: 辽宁东南半岛, 台风, 特大暴雨, 水汽通量, 位势不稳定

Abstract:

Based on the conventional meteorological observations, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final (FNL) reanalysis data, satellite and radar measurements, we compared the characteristics and causes of precipitation during two extreme rainstorm events in the Southeast Peninsula of Liaoning province caused by the Typhoon "Damrey" in 2012 (Process 1) and the Typhoon "Haitang" in 2017 (Process 2) in this study.The results indicated that the precipitation during the two processes shows different characteristics.The stable and persistent heavy precipitation (lasting for 30 h) occurs over large areas during Process 1, due to the train effect caused by the multiple mesoscale cloud clusters triggered by a typhoon inverted trough.Process 2 is characterized by higher hourly precipitation intensity (reaching 113 mm·h-1) and obvious convective precipitation.During Process 2, small-scale cumulus continue to regenerate and pour into the mesoscale cloud clusters.The radar charts show backward propagation, with basic reflectivity of strong storms of 50-60 dBz.The mesoscale convergent winds expand up to 9 km, and convective clouds develop more vigorously.Process 1 develops within the typhoon inverted trough, and Process 2 is generated by the interaction between warm-humid air transported by the typhoon and dry-cold air in the troposphere.During the two processes, a water vapor conveyor belt spanning 10 latitudes is formed between the typhoon remnant vortex and the Subtropical High, with the water vapor flux at 850 hPa reaching 20-25 g-1·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1 and the values of specific humidity and water vapor flux divergence reaching the rainstorm forecast thresholds for the landing typhoon in Liaoning province.The long-distance typhoons play a key role in blocking the southward movement of the Subtropical High and establishing the guiding airflow for the typhoons' northward movement.Due to the residual vortex inverted trough of typhoon "Damrey", the convergence layer extends from the ground to the height of 500 hPa during Process 1, exhibiting stronger dynamic uplift conditions.During Process 2, the pseudo-equivalent temperature at 850 hPa reaches 354 K, and the potential instability is stronger.Due to the large-scale convergence and forced uplift of terrains, deeper convective clouds are formed and generates more distinct convective precipitation.

Key words: Southeast Peninsula of Liaoning province, Typhoon, Torrential rainfall, Water vapor flux, Potential instability

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