主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 37-43.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.01.005

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

六盘山区雾时空分布及微观特征

党张利1,2,3(),桑建人1,3,*(),周旭2,常倬林1,3,孙艳桥1,3   

  1. 1. 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750002
    2. 中国气象局雾物理 环境重点开放实验室, 北京 100081
    3. 宁夏回族自治区人工影响天气中心, 宁夏银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 桑建人 E-mail:1336833529@qq.com;sangjr@126.com
  • 作者简介:党张利,女,1988年生,工程师,主要从事人工影响天气方面的研究,E-mail: 1336833529@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0104);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03468);国家自然科学基金项目(42075073);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03489);中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室项目(CAMP-202106)

Temporal and spatial distribution and characteristics of microphysical structure of fog in Liupan Mountain area

Zhang-li DANG1,2,3(),Jian-ren SANG1,3,*(),Xu ZHOU2,Zhuo-lin CHANG1,3,Yan-qiao SUN1,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750002, China
    2. Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Ningxia Weather Modification Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
  • Received:2021-05-10 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-03-27
  • Contact: Jian-ren SANG E-mail:1336833529@qq.com;sangjr@126.com

摘要:

利用六盘山区5个气象站(原州区、西吉、六盘山、隆德和泾源)1989—2018年和彭阳气象站1999—2018年能见度资料以及2019年11月1日至2020年10月31日六盘山地形云野外科学试验基地布设的雾滴谱仪和六盘山气象站地面常规气象观测资料, 统计分析了六盘山区雾的年、季、月、日变化特征及典型雾过程中雾滴谱的变化特征。结果表明: 六盘山区雾具有明显的年、季、月、日变化特征, 六盘山气象站年平均雾日数为118.5 d, 是六盘山区雾高发区, 六盘山区雾发生日数最高的季节为秋季, 发生日数最高的月份为9月, 08时是一天中雾发生最多的时段; 冻雾主要发生在11月8日至翌年4月22日, 暖雾主要发生在5月5日至10月11日; 六盘山气象站典型冻雾和暖雾在成熟阶段持续时间长, 发展和消散持续时间短, 且在成熟阶段雾滴谱谱宽拓宽, 其平均粒子数浓度为4.58~107.57个·(cm)-3, 液态水含量为0.001~0.049 g·m-3, 平均有效直径为3.75~12.22 μm, 粒子数浓度、液态水含量和有效直径均小于南京、湛江、茂名等地; 冻雾从发展到消散阶段粒子数浓度均大于暖雾, 冻雾从成熟到消散阶段的液态水含量和粒子直径均大于暖雾, 而发展阶段暖雾较大; 冻雾呈单峰结构, 最大峰值出现在6 μm粒径处, 对应的最大dN/dD为26.19 cm-3· μm-1, 暖雾呈双峰结构特征, 主峰和次峰分别为7 μm和11 μm, 与庐山雾滴谱谱型相似, 峰值直径大于南京、湛江。

关键词: 六盘山区, 冻雾, 暖雾, 微观结构

Abstract:

Based on visibility information of the weather stations in Yuanzhouqu, Xiji, Liupan Mountain, Longde, and Jingyuan from 1989 to 2018 and in Pengyang from 1999 to 2018, as well as the data measured with fog droplet spectrometer at orographical cloud observation site and the conventional surface meteorological observation in Liupan Mountain from November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020, the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily changes characteristics of fog and the droplet spectrum feature of typical fog in Liupan Mountain area were analyzed.The results showed that the fog has obviously temporal change characteristics and the number of fog days is an average of 118.5 d and the largest in autumn especially in September, and the largest frequency is at 08:00 in the daytime.Freezing fog mainly occurs from November 8 to April 22 of the next year and warm fog mainly occurs from May 5 to October 11.In addition, freezing fog and warm fog have a long maturity stage and short development and dissipating stage.During the maturity stage, the fog droplet spectrum is broadened, the average droplet number concentration is 4.58-107.57 per cm3, the average liquid water content is 0.001-0.049 g·m-3, and the average droplet diameters is 3.75-12.22 μm.The values of the above-mentioned variables in Liupan Mountain all are smaller than those in Nanjing and Zhanjiang and Maoming.The droplet number concentration from the development to dissipation stage for freezing fog are larger than those for warm fog, the liquid water content and droplet diameters of freezing fog are larger from maturity to dissipation stage, but are smaller at the development stage than those of warm fog.The droplet size of freezing fog features single peak with a maximum at 6 μm where the maximum of dN/dD is 26.19 cm-3·μm-1, while the droplet size of warm fog features double peaks with the first and second peak values at 7 μm and 11 μm, respectively, which is the same as the situation of fog droplet spectrum in Lushan.However, the peak value of droplet diameters is larger than those in Nanjing and Zhanjiang.

Key words: Liupan Mountain area, Freezing fog, Warm fog, Microphysical structure

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