基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.03.012

Abstract

Abstract:

The observation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide a new approach with high temporal and spatial analysis ability for studying the vertical structure of meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutants, which is also helpful for the in-depth understanding of the physical and chemical mechanism of lower-layer atmosphere.This article systematically summarized the rotorcraft UAV-based ABL observational experiments and their advantages.The impact of rotorcraft UAV on meteorological and environmental observation and its suitable boarding scheme were illustrated by placing sensors at different positions of self-developed ABL UAV observation platform and conducting comparative observation experiments among rotorcraft UAV, air sounding balloons, and high observation tower.The experiment of vertical observation in ABL from 0-1000 m under a heavy pollution condition was carried out in Hubei province and suitable correction schemes for vertical observation of meteorological elements and pollutants in ABL combing with UAV's attitude data were also developed.The results show that a set of high-quality atmospheric profile data with a vertical resolution of 2 m to 10 m is acquired based on the above-mentioned experiments, which can finely capture the vertical change characteristics of some elements such as the heights of ABL and its temperature inversion layer as well as pollutants concentration.This research aims to provide an available observation method with feasible technical solutions and robust data for the scientific application of observation using rotorcraft UAV.

Key words: Rotorcraft UAV, Atmospheric boundary layer, Meteorological and environmental observation, Atmospheric detection

CLC Number:

X513

Jia-ping XU, Tian-liang ZHAO, Yan CHEN, Yong-qing BAI, Xiao-yun SUN, Song WANG, Chang CAO. Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(3): 101-111.

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观测手段	旋翼无人机的优势	参考文献
探空气球、系留气艇	人力成本低、可高频次观测、升限稳定、抗风能力强	卞林根等，2002^[4]
固定翼无人机	准垂直观测、可悬停	马舒庆等，2005^[6]
商用飞机气象观测(AMDAR)	恒定低速，无商飞航线起飞时间差异和区域分布不均的影响	Rahn & Mitchell, 2016^[7]; 陈洪斌和郑国光，2005^[8]
卫星遥感产品	更高的时空分辨率、接触式探测能避免云层、污染物等大气干扰	Colomina & Molina, 2014^[9]
高塔	机动性强	刘超等，2017^[10]
地基廓线产品	受下垫面环境干扰小	夏俊荣，2016^[11]；李建强等，2017^[12]；齐佳慧等，2019^[13]

性能指标	性能参数
动力性能	最大起飞重量/kg	≤15
	最大负载/kg	≤5
	3 kg负重飞行时间/min	≥45
环境适用性	工作温度范围/℃	-20—55
	工作湿度范围/(%)	0—100
	起降风力环境/级	≥6
	高空观测风力环境/级	≥8
	起降海拔高度/m	4000
	观测真高/m	≥1500
	防水等级/级	≥IPX5或小雨
飞行性能	最大上升速度/m·s^-1	6
	最大下降速度/m·s^-1	3
	悬停精度/m	±0.5
	控制距离/km	≥5
	风速≤5 m·s^-1下姿态角保持性能/°	≤3
	风速≤5 m·s^-1下航向角保持性能/°	≤5

实验组	温度/℃			湿度/(%)
实验组	无人机	地面	差值	无人机	地面	差值
1	32.61	32.09	0.26	32.23	29.29	-0.39
2	31.75	31.49	0.01	33.83	30.41	0.09
总体	32.17	31.79	0.13	33.04	29.86	-0.14

实验组	温度/℃			湿度/(%)
实验组	无人机	地面	差值	无人机	地面	差值
1	33.54	32.98	0.30	29.86	20.00	-1.47
2	31.91	31.40	0.26	34.27	30.19	0.76
总体	32.72	32.19	0.27	32.06	29.09	-0.36

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Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV

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