主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 113-118.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.04.015

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1960-2013年北京地区冻雨天气过程特征分析

于波, 杜佳, 张琳娜   

  1. 北京市气象台, 北京 100089
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-02 修回日期:2015-09-01 出版日期:2016-08-30 发布日期:2016-08-30
  • 作者简介:于波,女,1979年生,高级工程师,主要从事天气动力学研究,E-mail:Yubo_0@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市气象局科技研发专项(2013BMBKYZX10)和中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2015-001)共同资助。

Characteristics of freezing rain in Beijing from 1960 to 2013

YU Bo, DU Jia, ZHANG Lin-na   

  1. Beijing Municipal Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089, China
  • Received:2015-06-02 Revised:2015-09-01 Online:2016-08-30 Published:2016-08-30

摘要: 利用地面气象站的观测资料、观象台的探空资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对1960-2013年北京地区20个地面气象观测站冻雨天气过程的特征及其发生条件进行了分析。结果表明:1960-2013年北京地区11月至翌年4月均可能出现冻雨天气,北京东南部的大兴区和通州区、西北部的昌平区为冻雨发生相对较频繁的地区。低层丰富的水汽和抬升条件有利于冻雨天气的出现,大气层结的垂直结构可分为无融化层(整层<0℃)和有融化层(冷-暖-冷)两类,两种类型冻雨出现的概率相当(各占50%)。通过对北京地区冻雨天气过程典型个例的对比研究发现:850-700 hPa暖平流对逆温强度的变化有重要影响;无融化层时,云顶高度较高,700 hPa以下气层温度为-10~0℃,降水以过冷却水的形式降落至地面发生冻结形成冻雨;有融化层时,湿层较浅薄(位于850 hPa以下),暖湿空气在近地层的“冷垫”上滑行,是此类冻雨发生的有利因素之一。

关键词: 冻雨, 大气层结, 融化层, 逆温强度

Abstract: Using the data from surface meteorological stations,observatory sounding and the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis,the characteristics of synoptic process and the occurrence conditions for freezing rain observed at 20 surface meteorological stations in Beijing from 1960 to 2013 were analyzed.The results show that the freezing rains mainly occur from November to April of the next year.The freezing rain phenomena normally appear in Daxing,Tongzhou and Changping districts.The conditions of abundant water vapor and uplifting at the low atmospheric level are favorable to the formation of freezing rain.The vertical structure of atmospheric stratification can be divided into two types,i.e.,the melting and non-melting layers.The occurrence frequency of freezing rain for both of them is equal.Based on the comparative analyses,it indicates that the warm advection between 700 hPa and 850 hPa plays a crucial role in the change of inversion temperature intensity.For the cases without melting layer,the height of cloud top is higher.The air temperature under the 700 hPa is from -10℃ to 0℃.The precipitation drops to the ground as supercooled water,and it happens to freeze and forms freezing rain.For the cases with melting layer,the wet layer is shallower,only existing under the 850 hPa.The warm moist air sliding on the cold air near the surface is one of the favorable conditions for the formation of this kind of freezing rain.

Key words: Freezing rain, Atmospheric stratification, Melting layer, Inversion temperature intensity

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