锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.06.021

气象与环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 155-159.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.06.021

锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制

万志红¹, 李荣平², 周广胜³, 王莹², 王婉昭², 张晓月²

1. 辽宁省气象局, 辽宁沈阳 110001;
2. 辽宁省气象科学研究所, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
3. 中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2016-06-21 修回日期:2016-07-25 出版日期:2016-12-31 发布日期:2016-12-31
通讯作者: 李荣平,E-mail:rongpingli@aliyun.com。 E-mail:rongpingli@aliyun.com
作者简介:万志红,女,1962年生,高级工程师,主要从事应用气象研究,E-mail:1162910454@qq.com。
基金资助:
公益性气象行业项目“东北雨养农田生态系统水热碳耦合机制研究”（2013IAE-CMA02）、国家自然科学基金“全球变化背景下玉米干旱发生发展过程及其致灾气象条件研究”（41330531）和国家自然科学基金“辽河三角洲湿地与大气间物质/能量交换及对区域气候形成及影响研究”（31270480）共同资助。

Variation characteristics and regulation mechanisms of water vapor flux over a rain-fed maize farmland ecosystem in Jinzhou

WAN Zhi-hong¹, LI Rong-ping², ZHOU Guang-sheng³, WANG Ying², WANG Wan-zhao², ZHANG Xiao-yue²

1. Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Service, Shenyang 110001, China;
2. Liaoning Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Shenyang 110166, China;
3. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2016-06-21 Revised:2016-07-25 Online:2016-12-31 Published:2016-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2014年辽宁省锦州地区雨养玉米农田生态系统涡度相关观测数据，分析了锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量的变化特征，并结合小气候观测数据探讨了水汽通量的调控机制。结果表明：2014年锦州地区玉米农田生态系统各月水汽通量均呈明显的单峰型变化规律，玉米农田生态系统生长季日平均水汽通量可达非生长季的10.31倍。锦州玉米农田生态系统7月水汽通量最大，日最大水汽通量可达0.1202 g·m^-2·s^-1。玉米农田年蒸散量为417.37 mm，非生长季蒸散总量为49.57 mm，略大于同期降水量；生长季前期5月和6月玉米农田蒸散量占降水量的比例分别为52.0%、71.0%；7月、8月和9月玉米农田的蒸散量大于降水量，其中7月玉米农田的蒸散量为降水量的3.00倍，而此期间正值玉米开花授粉阶段，水分胁迫严重影响玉米产量。玉米农田生长季的水汽通量与净辐射存在显著的正相关关系，同时水汽通量在一定程度上受气温和饱和水汽压差的调控影响。

关键词: 玉米农田, 水汽通量, 涡度相关, 蒸散, 饱和水汽压差, 净辐射

Abstract: Based on the observation data of eddy covariance over a rain-fed maize farmland ecosystem in Jinzhou in 2014,the water vapor flux characteristics were analyzed and regulation mechanisms of the vapor flux were determined using the microclimate observational data.The results show that a single-peak curve is presented for diurnal variation of water vapor flux for each month.The daily average water vapor flux during growing season is 10 times as large as that during non-growing season.The maximum value of 30-min averaged water vapor flux appears in July with the value of 0.1202 g·m^-2·s^-1.The annual evapotranspiration of maize farmland in 2014 was 417.37 mm,and the total evapotranspiration during non-growing season was 49.57 mm which slightly higher than the precipitation during the same period.The proportions of evapotranspiration to precipitation in May and June (i.e.,early stage of the growing season) are 52.0% and 71.0%,respectively.The amount of evapotranspiration during July-September is greater than that of rainfall,and in July the evapotranspiration is 3 times as large as precipitation.Because it is the period of corn pollination in July,severe water deficit during this period would affect maize yield.The water vapor flux during the growing season is significantly positively correlated with the net radiation and is controlled by air temperature and saturation vapor pressure difference to some extent.

Key words: Maize field, Water vapor flux, Eddy covariance, Evapotranspiration, Saturation vapor pressure difference, Net radiation

中图分类号:

S162.4

万志红, 李荣平, 周广胜, 王莹, 王婉昭, 张晓月. 锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32(6): 155-159.

WAN Zhi-hong, LI Rong-ping, ZHOU Guang-sheng, WANG Ying, WANG Wan-zhao, ZHANG Xiao-yue. Variation characteristics and regulation mechanisms of water vapor flux over a rain-fed maize farmland ecosystem in Jinzhou[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2016, 32(6): 155-159.

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锦州地区玉米农田生态系统水汽通量变化特征及其调控机制

Variation characteristics and regulation mechanisms of water vapor flux over a rain-fed maize farmland ecosystem in Jinzhou

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