主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 93-98.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.03.011

• 简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

日照地区气候背景下冬小麦适播期分析

成兆金1, 陈蕾2, 徐淑米3   

  1. 1. 日照市气象局, 山东 日照 276826;
    2. 天津市联合泰泽环境科技发展有限公司, 天津 300042;
    3. 怀远县气象局, 安徽 蚌埠 233040
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-08 修回日期:2018-02-23 出版日期:2018-06-30 发布日期:2018-06-30
  • 作者简介:成兆金,男,1971年生,高级工程师,主要从事应用气象研究,E-mail:czjau@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局山洪地质灾害防治气象保障工程建设项目和山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(2013sdqx10)共同资助。

Analysis of suitable sowing period of winter wheat in Rizhao area under climate background

CHENG Zhao-jin1, CHEN Lei2, XU Shu-mi3   

  1. 1. Rizhao Meteorological Service, Rizhao 276826, China;
    2. Tianjin Lianhe Taize Environmental Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300042, China;
    3. Huaiyuan County Meteorological Service 233040, China
  • Received:2018-01-08 Revised:2018-02-23 Online:2018-06-30 Published:2018-06-30

摘要: 气候变化改变了作物的生育环境,冬季积温的增加使冬小麦的适播期发生了变化,春季霜冻、干热风,使小麦的生理机能受到了损害。因此,给出气候变化背景下冬小麦最佳播期的窗口尤为重要。本文利用日照地区3个气象站1951-2016年的逐日气象数据,采用趋势分析、相关性检验等方法,对该地区冬小麦适播期(冬前≥ 0℃·d有效积温为400-750℃·d)、拔节期间发生的春季霜冻以及乳熟期间发生的高温干热风天气的时间变化进行了分析。结果表明:冬前(10月2日至12月20日)≥ 0℃·d有效积温,近62 a来大东港区以1.572(℃·d)·a-1的速度递增,近58 a来五莲县以1.339(℃·d)·a-1的速度递增,近66 a来莒县以1.513(℃·d)·a-1的速度递增,日照地区冬小麦的适播期均未发生突变过程。最终确定日照地区冬小麦适播期大东港为10月20-25日,五莲县为10月17-20日,莒县为10月11-15日,比传统播期推迟5-10 d,理论上避免了冬小麦拔节期的霜冻危害,并分别以69%、85%、75%减少了小麦乳熟期的高温、干热风危害。该研究对当地冬小麦生产可起到积极的指导作用。

关键词: 冬小麦, 气候变化, 适播期, 有效积温, 春霜冻, 干热风

Abstract: Climate change has changed the breeding environment of crops.More specifically,the increase of accumulative temperature in winter has changed the suitable sowing period of winter wheat (SSPWW).The spring frost and dry-hot wind have damaged the physiological function of wheat.To guide agricultural production better,it is important to determine the optimum sowing period of winter wheat in the context of climate change.Based on the daily meteorological data of 3 meteorological stations in Rizhao area from 1951 to 2016,using the methods of trend analysis and correlation test,the spring frosts duringthe SSPWW the effective accumulative temperature ≥ 0℃ is 400-750℃·d before winter,during the wheat's jointing stage and the temporal and spatial variation of high temperature dry-hot wind weather during the wheat's milk-ripe stage were investigated.The results show that the effective accumulative temperature ≥ 0℃ before winter i.e.the period during October 2 to December 20 increases with a ratio of 1.572℃·a-1 at Donggang district in recent 62 years,of 1.339℃·a-1 at Wulian County in recent 58 years and of 1.513℃·a-1 at Ju County in recent 66 years.In addition,the SSPWW in Rizhao area does not occur an abrupt change.As a result,the SSPWWs at Donggang District,Wulian County and Ju County are confirmed as the periods during October 20-25,October 17-20 and October 11-15,which are 5-10 days later than traditional sowing periods and theoretically avoid frost damage in the winter wheat's jointing stage as well as decrease high temperature dry-hot wind damage for 69%,85% and 75% in the wheat's milk-ripe stage,respectively.In short,this study plays a positive role in guiding local winter wheat production.

Key words: Winter wheat, Climate change, Suitable sowing period, Effective accumulative temperature, Spring frost, Dry-hot wind

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