主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 134-138.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.04.018

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东北地区春玉米主要生理参数对拔节至灌浆期干旱的响应

张德来1   蔡福2   史奎桥1   杨扬1   张慧1  张兵兵1  杨露1  高全1 吕晓1   

  1. 锦州市生态与农业气象中心，辽宁 锦州 121001；2. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-26 修回日期:2017-06-07 出版日期:2018-08-31 发布日期:2018-09-03

Responses of main physiological parameters to drought stress during the period from jointing to filling of spring maize in Northeast China

ZHANG De-lai1  CAI Fu2  SHI Kui-qiao1  YANG Yang1   ZHANG Hui1  ZHANG Bing-bing1  YANG Lu1  GAO Quan1  LV Xiao1   

  1. 1. Jinzhou Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology Center, Jinzhou 121001,China; 2. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166,China
  • Received:2017-04-26 Revised:2017-06-07 Online:2018-08-31 Published:2018-09-03

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摘要：

为了深入了解玉米干旱的影响机理，采用持续无补水方式进行东北地区春玉米拔节至灌浆期干旱胁迫试验，对主要光合变量（净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO2浓度Ci）、茎流速率及叶和根水势进行动态观测，研究春玉米关键发育期干旱对各生理参数的响应。结果表明：Gs、Pn和Ci对轻度干旱胁迫响应较慢，3个生理参数在中度干旱胁迫以上随干旱加重均快速减小，Tr对轻度干旱胁迫的响应比其他生理参数更快；随着干旱程度加重光合作用的响应由单纯受气孔因素转为受气孔与非气孔双重因素的影响；复水后，各生理参数均可以恢复正常，Gs、Pn和Tr在短时间内补偿性快速增大，其中Tr对复水后土壤湿度下降的响应不敏感；玉米植株日茎流量不受轻度和中度干旱胁迫的影响，但干旱后复水出现补偿性增大现象；叶水势对干旱胁迫的响应比根水势偏慢，复水后叶水势比根水势恢复能力偏弱。

关键词: 春玉米, 拔节至灌浆期, 干旱胁迫, 光合作用, 茎流速率, 水势

Abstract:

In order to understand the mechanism of drought stress affecting on spring maize, a field experiment was conducted by withholding water for 30 days during the period from jointing to filling. Main variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance（Gs）, intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) and stem flow rate (SF) as well as leaf and root water potential were observed and their response characteristics to drought were investigated. The results indicate that Gs、Pn and Ci  respond slowly to mild drought and decrease quickly when drought aggravates and reaches moderate level .except for Tr responding quickly to mild drought. Further, with drought stress aggravating, the determination factors of photosynthesis rate is changed from stomatal factor to stomatal and non-stomatal factors. After rewatering, the above mentioned parameters recover to normal level and Gs、Pn and Tr show fast compensatory increases, while Tr dose not respond sensitively to increased soil moisture. In addition, daily amount of stem flow is not affected by mild and moderate drought stress but shows a compensatory rising after rewatering. Leaf water potential responds to drought stress slower than that of root water potential which restoration ability is better than leaf water potential.

Key words: Spring maize, Period from jointing to filling, Drought stress, Photosynthesis, Stem flow rate, Water potential

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