基于ENVI-met的福州大学校区冬季热环境模拟与热舒适度变化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2021.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取福州大学校园教学区为研究区域，基于典型冬季日背景，运用三维非静力微气候模型ENVI-met，分析模拟校园热环境的差异变化及其热舒适度响应。结合实地勘测，对模型进行校准和验证。结果表明：ENVI-met模型能较好地表征室外热环境，准确预测温度和相对湿度的日变化趋势。混凝土路面、灰色地砖路面行人高度的日平均气温分别比草地高出0.1 ℃和0.3 ℃，逐时最大温差分别为0.68 ℃和0.65 ℃。建筑物阴影和树阴可降低行人高度的气温1.1—1.9 ℃；同一组团在有无遮阴的条件下，平均辐射温度（T_mrt）相差最大可达30 ℃；树木附近和建筑物组团内部生理等效温度（PET）值较小，比硬质路面低2—3个等级。无植被方案下，高温低湿区范围有所扩张，在垂直方向上的增温效应可伸展至10.5 m；风速最大增幅可达1.23 m·s^-1，平均辐射温度较高区域的面积增加了69.25%；热舒适区和热不适区面积分别增加了19.78%和2.03%。

关键词: 微气候, ENVI-met, 模型模拟, 热舒适度

Abstract:

In this study, we simulated and analyzed the variation of thermal environment and its thermal comfort response on typical winter days in the research area (teaching area in Fuzhou University) using a three-dimensional non-static microclimate model ENVI-met.We also calibrated and verified the ENVI-met model based on a field survey.The results show that the ENVI-met model can well represent the outdoor thermal environment and accurately predict the diurnal variation of air temperature and relative humidity.The daily mean air temperature at the pedestrian's height over concrete pavement and gray brick pavement is 0.1℃ and 0.3℃ higher than that on grassland, and their maximum hourly temperature difference reaches 0.68℃ and 0.65℃, respectively.Building and tree shadows can reduce air temperature at the pedestrian's height by 1.1-1.9℃.The difference of mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) in the same cluster with and without shade can reach up to 30℃.The value of physiological equivalent temperature (PET) near trees and inside building clusters is 2-3 grades lower than that over the hard pavement.In the vegetation-free scheme, the areas with high temperature and low humidity are expanded, and the warming effect in the vertical direction can extend to 10.5 m.Meanwhile, wind speed increases by 1.23 m·s^-1 at the most, the areas with higher mean radiant temperature increase by 69.25%, and the thermal comfort zone and thermal discomfort zone increase by 19.78% and 2.03%, respectively.The research results can favor the urban planning and landscape design for better space construction and greening improvement and can provide some guidance and reference for the optimization of the layout of various underlying surfaces and the selection of vegetation types.

Key words: Microclimate, ENVI-met, Model simulation, Thermal comfort

中图分类号:

P463.3

庄莉娟,蔡芫镔,祁娟娟. 基于ENVI-met的福州大学校区冬季热环境模拟与热舒适度变化分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37(6): 44-52.

Li-juan ZHUANG,Yuan-bin CAI,Juan-juan QI. Simulation of thermal environment and analysis of thermal comfort variation in wintertime in Fuzhou University campus using ENVI-met[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(6): 44-52.

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编号	测点位置	网格点	遮阴情况	下垫面	测试参数
1	人行道	(12, 72)	部分	混凝土	T_a、RH、WS
2	榕树下	(39, 114)	有	草地	T_a、RH、WS
3	灌木草地混合区	(82, 130)	部分	草地	T_a、RH、WS
4	石头路	(58, 71)	无	石头	T_a、RH、WS
5	林荫道	(66, 44)	有	灰色地砖	T_a、RH、WS
6	公园小路	(65, 19)	部分	透水砖	T_a、RH、WS
7	平台(邻水)	(75, 4)	无	灰色地砖	T_a、RH、WS
8	停车场	(86, 21)	部分	混凝土	T_a、RH、WS
9	图书馆广场	(87, 61)	无	灰色地砖	T_a、RH、WS
10	草坪	(83, 81)	无	草地	T_a、RH、WS
11	凉亭(邻水)	(128, 77)	部分	灰色地砖	T_a、RH、WS
12	桥面(邻水)	(131, 63)	无	混凝土	T_a、RH、WS

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