基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.03.012

气象与环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 101-111.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.03.012

基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

徐家平¹(),赵天良^2,*(),陈燕¹,白永清³,孙晓芸²,王淞⁴,曹畅⁵

1. 江苏省气候中心, 江苏南京 210009
2. 南京信息工程大学大气物理学院, 江苏南京 210044
3. 中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所, 湖北武汉 430205
4. 南京市气象局, 江苏南京 210019
5. 南京信息工程大学大气环境中心, 江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2021-08-01 出版日期:2022-06-28 发布日期:2022-07-23
通讯作者: 赵天良 E-mail:fengxuxudechui@sina.com;tlzhao@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:徐家平, 1989年生, 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为大气边界层观测, E-mail: fengxuxudechui@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41805022);江苏省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(BK20181100);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830965);国家自然科学基金(42075186);南京信息工程大学人才启动经费资助项目(2017r067)

Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV

Jia-ping XU¹(),Tian-liang ZHAO^2,*(),Yan CHEN¹,Yong-qing BAI³,Xiao-yun SUN²,Song WANG⁴,Chang CAO⁵

1. Jiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210019, China
2. School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3. Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China
4. Nanjing Meteorological Service, Nanjing 210019, China
5. Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Received:2021-08-01 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-07-23
Contact: Tian-liang ZHAO E-mail:fengxuxudechui@sina.com;tlzhao@nuist.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于旋翼无人机开展大气边界层观测可为气象要素和大气污染物垂直结构的研究提供具有高时空解析能力的新方法, 有助于深入理解低层大气物理化学变化机制。本文详述了旋翼无人机在开展大气边界层环境气象垂直观测实验的应用及优势。基于自主研发的旋翼无人机环境气象观测平台, 通过开展传感器在无人机上不同的搭载位置, 以及旋翼无人机与探空气球、高塔的对比观测实验, 明确了旋翼无人机对气象环境观测的影响及合理的搭载方式。研究进一步在湖北重污染天气条件下开展了0—1000 m的大气边界层垂直观测, 并研发了基于旋翼无人机姿态数据的大气边界层气象要素及污染物垂直观测的订正方法。结果表明: 实验获取了2—10 m垂直分辨率的高质量大气廓线数据, 可精细捕捉大气边界层及其逆温层高度和污染物浓度等要素的垂直变化特征。本文旨在为无人机观测的科研应用提供一种技术可行且数据可靠的观测手段。

关键词: 旋翼无人机, 大气边界层, 气象环境观测, 大气探测

Abstract:

The observation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide a new approach with high temporal and spatial analysis ability for studying the vertical structure of meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutants, which is also helpful for the in-depth understanding of the physical and chemical mechanism of lower-layer atmosphere.This article systematically summarized the rotorcraft UAV-based ABL observational experiments and their advantages.The impact of rotorcraft UAV on meteorological and environmental observation and its suitable boarding scheme were illustrated by placing sensors at different positions of self-developed ABL UAV observation platform and conducting comparative observation experiments among rotorcraft UAV, air sounding balloons, and high observation tower.The experiment of vertical observation in ABL from 0-1000 m under a heavy pollution condition was carried out in Hubei province and suitable correction schemes for vertical observation of meteorological elements and pollutants in ABL combing with UAV's attitude data were also developed.The results show that a set of high-quality atmospheric profile data with a vertical resolution of 2 m to 10 m is acquired based on the above-mentioned experiments, which can finely capture the vertical change characteristics of some elements such as the heights of ABL and its temperature inversion layer as well as pollutants concentration.This research aims to provide an available observation method with feasible technical solutions and robust data for the scientific application of observation using rotorcraft UAV.

Key words: Rotorcraft UAV, Atmospheric boundary layer, Meteorological and environmental observation, Atmospheric detection

中图分类号:

X513

徐家平, 赵天良, 陈燕, 白永清, 孙晓芸, 王淞, 曹畅. 基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2022, 38(3): 101-111.

Jia-ping XU, Tian-liang ZHAO, Yan CHEN, Yong-qing BAI, Xiao-yun SUN, Song WANG, Chang CAO. Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(3): 101-111.

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观测手段	旋翼无人机的优势	参考文献
探空气球、系留气艇	人力成本低、可高频次观测、升限稳定、抗风能力强	卞林根等，2002^[4]
固定翼无人机	准垂直观测、可悬停	马舒庆等，2005^[6]
商用飞机气象观测(AMDAR)	恒定低速，无商飞航线起飞时间差异和区域分布不均的影响	Rahn & Mitchell, 2016^[7]; 陈洪斌和郑国光，2005^[8]
卫星遥感产品	更高的时空分辨率、接触式探测能避免云层、污染物等大气干扰	Colomina & Molina, 2014^[9]
高塔	机动性强	刘超等，2017^[10]
地基廓线产品	受下垫面环境干扰小	夏俊荣，2016^[11]；李建强等，2017^[12]；齐佳慧等，2019^[13]

性能指标	性能参数
动力性能	最大起飞重量/kg	≤15
	最大负载/kg	≤5
	3 kg负重飞行时间/min	≥45
环境适用性	工作温度范围/℃	-20—55
	工作湿度范围/(%)	0—100
	起降风力环境/级	≥6
	高空观测风力环境/级	≥8
	起降海拔高度/m	4000
	观测真高/m	≥1500
	防水等级/级	≥IPX5或小雨
飞行性能	最大上升速度/m·s^-1	6
	最大下降速度/m·s^-1	3
	悬停精度/m	±0.5
	控制距离/km	≥5
	风速≤5 m·s^-1下姿态角保持性能/°	≤3
	风速≤5 m·s^-1下航向角保持性能/°	≤5

实验组	温度/℃			湿度/(%)
实验组	无人机	地面	差值	无人机	地面	差值
1	32.61	32.09	0.26	32.23	29.29	-0.39
2	31.75	31.49	0.01	33.83	30.41	0.09
总体	32.17	31.79	0.13	33.04	29.86	-0.14

实验组	温度/℃			湿度/(%)
实验组	无人机	地面	差值	无人机	地面	差值
1	33.54	32.98	0.30	29.86	20.00	-1.47
2	31.91	31.40	0.26	34.27	30.19	0.76
总体	32.72	32.19	0.27	32.06	29.09	-0.36

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基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究

Research on vertical observation and correction method of environmental and meteorological elements in ABL using rotorcraft UAV

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