主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 62-71.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.05.008

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲁西北平原冬小麦不同生育阶段农田小气候特征

朱保美1,2(),杨以健1,2,张继波1,3,*(),李密1,4   

  1. 1. 山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室, 山东济南 250031
    2. 齐河县气象局, 山东齐河 251100
    3. 山东省气候中心, 山东济南 250031
    4. 淄博市博山区气象局, 山东淄博 255213
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-17 出版日期:2023-10-28 发布日期:2023-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 张继波 E-mail:13969289244@163.com;zhangjb.196267@163.com
  • 作者简介:朱保美, 女, 1979年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事农业气象和气候方面的研究, E-mail: 13969289244@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省气象局气象科研引导类项目(2021SDYD25);科技创新2030-重大项目(2022ZD0119503);山东省气象局气象科研面上项目(2020sdqxm03)

Microclimatic characteristics of farmland at different growth stages of winter wheat in Northwest-Shandong Plain of China

Baomei ZHU1,2(),Yijian YANG1,2,Jibo ZHANG1,3,*(),Mi LI1,4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250031, China
    2. Qihe Meteorological Service, Qihe 251100, China
    3. Shandong Provincial Climate Center, Ji'nan 250031, China
    4. Meteorological Service in Boshan District of Zibo, Zibo 255213, China
  • Received:2022-10-17 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-11-28
  • Contact: Jibo ZHANG E-mail:13969289244@163.com;zhangjb.196267@163.com

摘要:

利用2019年1月至2022年6月鲁西北平原冬小麦主产区农田小气候自动观测站(简称农田站)和齐河县国家气象观测站(简称齐河站)观测资料, 分析冬小麦不同生育阶段农田小气候特征, 对比研究两站的差异。结果表明: 冬小麦不同生育阶段农田各层气温、太阳总辐射和光合有效辐射、风速、5~20 cm地温日变化均呈单峰分布, 相对湿度变化趋势与气温相反。白天麦田中温度随离地面高度增加而降低, 夜间温度则随离地面高度增加而增加。相对湿度在不同生育阶段均是30 cm层最高, 最大值出现在生长后期的夜间时段和生长中期的白天时段。各层地温生长后期最高, 土壤深度越深, 日变化越小。农田站日平均气温、日平均地温均低于齐河站, 日平均相对湿度均高于齐河站。总辐射和光合有效辐射均在生长后期最强。各层风速在冬小麦生长初期变化趋势一致, 60 cm风速在冬小麦生长中后期受生长发育影响最大。生长中后期不同天气状况下, 不同层次的农田气温、相对湿度、5~10 cm地温均有明显的日变化, 晴天最明显, 多云次之, 阴天变化平缓。

关键词: 鲁西北平原, 冬小麦, 不同生育阶段, 农田小气候

Abstract:

Using the data from the automatic field microclimate observation station in winter wheat main producing areas in Northwest-Shandong Plain of China and the national meteorological observation station in Qihe from January 2019 to June 2022, the microclimatic characteristics of winter wheat fields in different growth stages were analyzed, and the difference of climate between two observation stations was compared.The results were as follows at various growth stages of winter wheat, the air temperatures at different layers, total radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind velocity, and soil temperatures at the depth of 5~20 cm all present an obvious unimodal diurnal variation and the diurnal variation of relative humidity is opposite to that of air temperature.Air temperature in wheat fields decreases and increases with the increasing height above the ground in the daytime and nighttime, respectively.The relative humidity is highest at the height of 30 cm above the ground in all growth stages and reaches the maximum in the nighttime at the late growth stage and in the daytime at the middle growth stage.Soil temperature in each layer is highest at the late growth stage, and their diurnal variations decrease with the increasing soil depth.Daily average air and soil temperatures in farmland are lower than those in Qihe station, and the daily average relative humidity in farmland is higher than that in Qihe station.Both the total radiation and PAR are strongest at the late growth stage.The wind speeds of all layers show the same change trend at the early growth stage of winter wheat, while the wind speed at the height of 60 cm is most intensively affected by the growth and development of winter wheat.The air temperatures and relative humidities at different layers and soil temperatures at the depth of 5~10 cm in farmland show obvious diurnal changes under different weather conditions at the middle and late growth stages, and the above-mentioned situation is the most obvious in sunny days, followed by cloudy days and the weakest in overcast days.

Key words: Northwest Shandong Plain of China, Winter wheat, Different growth stages, Microclimate characteristics of farmland

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