2022年湖北省梅雨期和盛夏期气候异常特征及成因分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.02.008

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 64-73.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.02.008

• 论文 • 上一篇

2022年湖北省梅雨期和盛夏期气候异常特征及成因分析

孙晨^1,2,3, 徐卫立^2,4, 杜良敏^1,3, 李波^2,4, 肖莺^1,3

1. 武汉区域气候中心, 湖北武汉 430074;
2. 智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室, 湖北宜昌 443000;
3. 三峡国家气候观象台, 湖北宜昌 443002;
4. 三峡水利枢纽梯级调度通信中心, 湖北宜昌 443000

收稿日期:2023-09-07 修回日期:2023-12-18 发布日期:2025-06-20
通讯作者: 杜良敏,男,正高级工程师,E-mail:duliangmin@gmail.com。 E-mail:duliangmin@gmail.com
作者简介:孙晨,男,1992年生,工程师,主要从事短期气候预测及气候模式研究,E-mail:649026538@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC150800)、湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFD103)、中国长江电力股份有限公司项目(2421020001)和中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-084)共同资助。

Analysis of climatic anomalies and their causes during the Meiyu season and midsummer in Hubei province in 2022

SUN Chen^1,2,3, XU Weili^2,4, DU Liangmin^1,3, LI Bo^2,4, XIAO Ying^1,3

1. Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze and Hydroelectric Science, Yichang 443000, China;
3. Three Gorges National Climatological Observatory, Yichang 443002, China;
4. Three Gorges Cascade Dispatch and Communication Center, Yichang 443000, China

Received:2023-09-07 Revised:2023-12-18 Published:2025-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选用湖北省逐日站点资料、美国国家环境预报中心NCEP再分析资料和气候指数,对2022年湖北省梅雨期(5月31日至7月8日)及盛夏期(7月9日至8月31日)异常气候特征及其成因进行分析。结果表明:2022年湖北省入梅异常偏早、梅雨期延长,但期间降水量分布不均且强度不稳定,梅雨量偏小,出梅后气温异常偏高,高温过程不仅持续时间长、强度大,且盛夏期的高温过程强度已突破湖北省有气象记录以来的历史极值。东亚副热带西风急流和西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)提前北跳,结合中高纬环流系统调整,是导致湖北省入梅显著偏早但水汽条件较差的主要原因。在双峰型拉尼娜事件持续发展、印度洋和大西洋赤道暖海温异常等多重外部强迫信号的共同作用下,Hadley环流在东亚副热带地区的下沉运动异常增强,使该地区高压显著偏强。盛夏期间,西太副高西伸加强、南亚高压异常东扩,导致湖北省上空长期受深厚暖高压系统影响,出现持续性极端晴热高温天气。

关键词: 东亚副热带西风急流, 西太平洋副热带高压, 拉尼娜事件, 极端高温

Abstract: Using daily meteorological station data from Hubei province,NCEP reanalysis data,and climate indices,this study analyzes the anomalous climate characteristics and their causes during the Meiyu season (May 31-July 8) and midsummer (July 9-August 31) in Hubei province in 2022.The results show that the onset of the Meiyu season was abnormally early with an extended duration in Hubei province in 2022.However,precipitation was unevenly distributed with unstable intensity and overall deficit in rainfall.After the Meiyu season,temperature was abnormally high,with heatwaves that were exceptionally persistent and intense,breaking historical records in the province's meteorological observation history.The early northward shift of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH),combined with adjustments in mid-latitude and high-latitude circulation systems,were the primary reasons for the significantly early onset of the Meiyu season despite poor moisture conditions in Hubei province.Under the combined influence of multiple external forcing signals,including the continuing development of a double-peak La Niña event and warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean and equatorial Atlantic,jointly contributed to enhanced subsidence in the East Asian subtropical region via the Hadley circulation,resulting in significantly stronger high pressure in this area.During midsummer,the westward extension and intensification of the WPSH along with the abnormal eastward expansion of the South Asian high,caused Hubei province to remain under the prolonged influence of deep warm high-pressure system,leading to persistent,extreme,hot,and high-temperature weather.

Key words: East Asian subtropical westerly jet, Western Pacific subtropical high, La Niña event, Extreme high temperature

中图分类号:

P468.0⁺24

孙晨, 徐卫立, 杜良敏, 李波, 肖莺. 2022年湖北省梅雨期和盛夏期气候异常特征及成因分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(2): 64-73.

SUN Chen, XU Weili, DU Liangmin, LI Bo, XIAO Ying. Analysis of climatic anomalies and their causes during the Meiyu season and midsummer in Hubei province in 2022[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2025, 41(2): 64-73.

参考文献

[1] 董良鹏,张萍萍.2020年湖北省两次低涡型极端降水气象因子异常特征对比[J].气象与环境学报,2022,38(6):20-28.
[2] 李维京.1998年大气环流异常及其对中国气候异常的影响[J].气象,1999,25 (4):20-25.
[3] Xie S P,Hu K M,Hafner J,et al.Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Niño [J].Journal of Climate,2009,22 (3):730-747.
[4] 丁一汇,主编.中国气候[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[5] 袁嫒,高辉,柳艳菊.2016年夏季我国东部降水异常特征及成因简析[J].气象,2017,43(1):115-121.
[6] 张庆云,陶诗言,陈烈庭.东亚夏季风指数的年际变化与东亚大气环流[J].气象学报,2003,61(5):559-568.
[7] 张庆云,陶诗言,张顺利.夏季长江流域暴雨洪涝灾害的天气气候条件[J].大气科学,2003,27(6):1018-1030.
[8] 陈丽娟,高辉,龚振淞,等.2012年汛期气候预测的先兆信号和应用[J].气象,2013,39(9):1103-1110.
[9] 陈丽娟,袁媛,杨明珠,等.海温异常对东亚夏季风影响机理的研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(5):521-532.
[10] 彭京备,刘舸,孙淑清.2013年我国南方持续性高温天气及副热带高压异常维持的成因分析[J].大气科学,2016,40(5):897-906.
[11] 王永光,娄德君,刘芸芸.2020年长江中下游梅汛期降水异常特征及其成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,2020,39(6):549-554.
[12] 王慧美,刘舸,彭京备,等.热带大西洋海温异常季节内演变对中国江南地区夏季持续性高温事件影响的初步研究[J].大气科学,2021,45(2):300-314.
[13] 赵俊虎,陈丽娟,章大全.2021年夏季我国气候异常特征及成因分析[J].气象,2022,48(1):107-121.
[14] 赵威,周宁芳,杨舒楠,等.2021/2022年冬季全球大气环流特征及主要灾害性天气分析[J].气象与环境学报,2023,39(1):1-9.
[15] 吴洪宝,吴蕾.气候变率诊断和预测方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.
[16] 魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[17] 丁一汇.高等天气学(第二版)[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.
[18] 赵俊虎,陈丽娟,王东阡.2016年我国梅雨异常特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,2018,42 (5):1055-1066.
[19] 高琦,徐明.2019年长江中下游伏秋连旱的异常特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2021,37(4):93-99.
[20] 况雪源,张耀存.东亚副热带西风急流位置异常对长江中下游夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象,2006,25(3):382-389.
[21] 娄小芬,罗玲,孔照林.2011年长江中下游梅雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(2):14-22.
[22] 林纾,李红英,黄鹏程,等.2022年夏季我国高温干旱特征及其环流形势分析[J].干旱气象,2022,40(5):748-763.
[23] Fasullo J T,Otto-Bliesner B L,Stevenson S.ENSO's changing influence on temperature,precipitation,and wildfire in a warming climate[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2018,45(17):9216-9225.
[24] 武炳义,张人禾.东亚夏季风年际变率及其与中、高纬度大气环流以及外强迫异常的联系[J].气象学报,2011,69(2):219-233.
[25] Rakhman S,Lubis S W,Setiawan S.Impact of ENSO on seasonal variations of Kelvin Waves and mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves[C]// IOP Publishing.IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Sciences.Bogor,Indonesia:IOP Publishing Ltd.,2017,54:012035.
[26] Wang H M,Liu G,Chen J M.Contribution of the tropical western Atlantic thermal conditions during the preceding winter to summer temperature anomalies over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin-Jiangnan region [J].International Journal of Climatology,2017,37:4361-4642.
[27] Lin Y T,Fang Y H,Zhao C Y,et al.The coordinated influence of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and Arctic sea ice on anomalous Northeast China cold vortex activities with different paths during late summer[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2023,40:62-77.

2022年湖北省梅雨期和盛夏期气候异常特征及成因分析

Analysis of climatic anomalies and their causes during the Meiyu season and midsummer in Hubei province in 2022

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 9

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	李菲,张淑杰,赵春雨,胡春丽,林蓉,房一禾. 基于标准化降水指数的辽宁省大豆需水关键期干旱大气环流成因分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(1): 54-62.
[2]	高琦,徐明. 2019年长江中下游伏秋连旱的异常特征分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 93-99.
[3]	李宇凡,徐士琦,袭祝香,邱译萱,姜忠宝. 吉林省盛夏降水季内变化特征及大气环流分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 27-32.
[4]	曲姝霖, 仝纪龙, 唐睿, 李佳芸. 西北地区极端高温变化及其对气候变暖停滞的响应[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2017, 33(4): 78-85.
[5]	姜荣, 陈亮, 象伟宁. 上海市极端高温天气变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32(1): 66-74.
[6]	杨宏青,陈正洪,谢森, 叶殿秀,龚洁. 夏季极端高温对武汉市人口超额死亡率的定量评估[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(5): 140-143.
[7]	李慧,周顺武,王亚非. 西太平洋副热带高压异常与中国长江中下游夏季降水关系研究综述[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(1): 93-102.
[8]	冯利华,赵贤产,毛樟林,华云峰,朱跃娟,朱持则,张行才,骆高远. 义乌市降水变化特征分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2008, 24(1): 1-4.
[9]	夏梅艳,赵连伟. 辽宁1999年夏季少雨干旱气候成因分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2000, 16(3): 10-14.