主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 67-75.doi:

• 气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

1971—2010年河南省霜期的时空分布及其对气温的响应

姬兴杰1, 2 李凤秀1 王纪军1   

  1. 1. 河南省气候中心，河南 郑州 450003；2. 中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室，河南 郑州 450003
  • 出版日期:2015-02-28 发布日期:2015-02-28

Spatial-temporal distribution of frost day and its response to air temperature changes from 1971 to 2010 in He’nan province

JI Xing-jie 1, 2  LI Feng-xiu1  WANG Ji-jun1   

  1. 1.He’nan Provincial Climate Center, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique in He’nan Province, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • Online:2015-02-28 Published:2015-02-28

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摘要：

利用1971—2010年河南省均匀分布的110个地面气象站霜的观测资料，采用线性倾向率和单相关分析法，对近40 a河南省初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的时空分布特征及其对气温的响应进行研究，利用M-K法分析霜期的突变特征。结果表明：1971—2010年河南省平均无霜期为221.3 d，纬度与初霜期（R=-0.806）和无霜期（R=-0.707）均呈显著负相关，与终霜期（R=0.557）呈显著正相关；初霜期以2.6 d/10 a的速率呈明显推迟（p<0.01），而终霜期的线性变化趋势不明显，无霜期以4.7 d/10 a的速率呈明显延长（p<0.01）；初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的突变点均在1998年。从各地区看，初霜期在各地区呈明显推迟，豫西地区推迟趋势最大（3.5 d/10 a，p<0.01）；终霜期仅在豫西和豫南地区呈显著提前；除豫东地区外，无霜期在其余5个地区均呈明显延长，豫西地区延长趋势最大（7.7 d/10 a，p<0.01）。从各观测站霜期的变化趋势空间分布来看，初霜期显著推后、终霜期显著提前和无霜期明显延长的站点分布在豫西和豫南地区。河南省初霜期与10月、终霜期与3月气温因子相关性较强；初霜期推迟和终霜期提前主要由气温升高引起的，其中平均最低气温是最重要的影响因素。初霜期推迟和终霜期提前导致无霜期延长。

关键词: 初霜期, 终霜期, 无霜期, 突变, 气候响应

Abstract:

Based on frost date data at 110 weather stations of He’nan province from 1971 to 2010, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the first and latest frost dates and frost-free period as well as its response to air temperature changes were analyzed by methods of a linear trend and a single correlation, and its abrupt change feature was also discussed based on the analysis using a Mann-Kendall method. The results show that average frost-free period is 221.3 days. Latitude is significantly negative correlation with the first frost date and frost-free period, and both correlation coefficients are -0.806 and -0.707 respectively; it is significantly positive correlation with the latest frost date, and correlation coefficient reaches 0.557. The first frost date delays at the rate of 2.6 days per decade (p<0.01); the latest frost date has no significant trend; the frost-free period increases at the rate of 4.7 days per decade (p<0.01). The abrupt change of the first frost date, last frost date and frost-free period all appear in 1998. Trends of the first frost date, last frost date and frost-free period differ in different regions. The first frost date delays in all six regions, especially in the west of He’nan province with 3.5 days per decade (p<0.01). The latest frost date only advances in the west and south of He’nan province. The frost-free period extends obviously except in the east of He’nan province, especially in the west with 7.7 days per decade (p<0.01). For the spatial distribution of frost period at 110 weather stations, the areas in which the first frost date is postponed significantly, in which the last frost date appears obviously earlier and in which the frost-free period extends obviously mainly include the western and southern parts of He’nan province. The first frost date is significantly related to temperature of October, while the last frost date is markedly correlated with temperature of March. Changes of the first frost and latest frost dates are mainly attributed to increasing air temperature, especially increasing average minimum air temperature in He’nan province. The first frost date delays and the latest frost date is in advance, which leads to frost-free period extending.

Key words: The first frost date, The latest frost date, Frost-free period, Abrupt change, Climate response