气象因素对常州市区PM2.5浓度影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2020.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2016—2018年常州市区环境空气细颗粒物数据，结合同期地面气象资料，分析了常州市区PM_2.5以及气象因素的变化特征，并统计分析气象因素对PM_2.5浓度的影响。结果表明：常州市区PM_2.5、降水量、相对湿度和气温等具有明显季节性，呈夏季较高冬季较低，而气压夏季较低冬季较高的特征。相对湿度与PM_2.5呈正相关，即随着相对湿度的增加PM_2.5超标率和平均浓度均增加；降水对PM_2.5具有一定的清除作用，清除率与降水前PM_2.5浓度、降水量、降水强度有关，降水量、降水强度越大，则降水清除效果越好，而降水前PM_2.5浓度较小，则清除率不明显；常州市区偏西风时PM_2.5的超标率和平均浓度较其他风向较高；风速对常州市区PM_2.5的影响呈负相关，即风速越大PM_2.5超标率和平均浓度均减小；常州市区地面天气形势可以分为两种类型，第一种类型表现为气压较低气温较高，PM_2.5超标率以及平均浓度相对较低，而第二种类型表现为气压较高气温较低，PM_2.5超标率以及平均浓度相对较高。

关键词: 气象因素, PM_2.5超标率, 清除率, 天气形势

Abstract:

Variations of PM_2.5 mass concentrations and meteorological factors and the impact of meteorological factors on PM_2.5 concentration in Changzhou urban areas were analyzed based on observational data of airborne fine particulate matters and meteorological elements near the surface from 2016 to 2018.The results indicated that obvious seasonal variations are observed in PM_2.5 mass concentrations, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and other meteorological factors in Changzhou urban areas, with higher values in summer and lower values in winter except for air pressure.PM_2.5 concentrations have a positive correlation with relative humidity, and PM_2.5 exceeding standard rates and its mean concentrations increase with the increase of relative humidity.Precipitation has a scavenging effect on PM_2.5on some degree, which depends on PM_2.5 concentrations before precipitation, precipitation amount and intensity.Larger precipitation amount and intensity usually result in a better scavenging effect on PM_2.5.While the scavenging rate is small when PM_2.5concentration is low before precipitation.PM_2.5 exceeding standard rates and average concentrations are higher in presence of westerly winds than other wind directions.PM_2.5 concentration has a negative correlation with wind speed.PM_2.5 exceeding standard rates and average concentrations decrease with stronger wind speeds.Ground synoptic situations in Changzhou urban areas can be divided into two types.One type is characterized by low air pressure, high temperature, and low PM_2.5 exceeding standard rate and average concentration, and the other type with high air pressure, low temperature, and high PM_2.5 exceeding standard rate and average concentration.

Key words: Meteorological factors, PM_2.5 exceeding standard rate, Scavenging rate, Synoptic situation

中图分类号:

王振,杨卫芬,叶香,李艳萍,夏京,李春玉,何涛. 气象因素对常州市区PM_2.5浓度影响[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 26-32.

Zhen WANG,Wei-fen YANG,Xiang YE,Yan-ping LI,Jing XIA,Chun-yu LI,Tao HE. Impacts of meteorological factors on PM_2.5 concentration in urban regions of Changzhou[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(3): 26-32.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

参考文献 29

1	赵辉, 郑有飞, 吴晓云, 等. 青年奥林匹克运动会期间南京市主要大气污染物浓度变化与分析[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34 (5): 824- 831.
2	魏舒婷, 姬晓彤, 岳慧峰, 等. PM_2.5诱导人支气管上皮细胞线粒体损伤[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37 (9): 1895- 1900.
3	康晖, 朱彬, 王红磊, 等. 长三角典型站点冬季大气PM_2.5中OC、EC污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39 (3): 961- 971.
4	Yu F , Tai A P K , Liao H . Impacts of historical climate and land cover changes on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) air quality in East Asia between 1980 and 2010[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 16 (16): 10369- 10383.
5	毛卓成, 马井会, 瞿元昊, 等. 2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2018, 34 (2): 52- 60.
6	郑美秀, 周学鸣. 厦门空气污染指数与地面气象要素的关系分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2010, 26 (3): 53- 57.
7	孙佳仁, 许振成, 刘煜, 等. 气候变化对环境空气质量影响的研究进展[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2011, 16 (6): 805- 814.
8	Fiore A M , Naik V , Spracklen D V , et al. Global air quality and climate[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2012, 41 (19): 6663- 6683.
9	Liang P F , Zhu T , Fang Y H , et al. The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 17 (22): 13921- 13940.
10	白雪, 张翠艳, 纪源, 等. 锦州市空气质量变化特征及其与气象条件关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32 (2): 52- 58.
11	缑晓辉, 严晓瑜, 刘玉兰, 等. 银川地区大气颗粒物浓度变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32 (6): 58- 68.
12	Fang Y Y , Mauzerall D L , Liu J F , et al. Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air pollution related premature mortality[J]. Climatic Change, 2013, 121 (2): 239- 253.
13	祁栋林, 张加昆, 李晓东, 等. 2001-2011年西宁市空气质量特征及其与气象条件的关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2014, 30 (2): 51- 59.
14	于彩霞, 邓学良, 石春娥, 等. 降水和风对大气PM_2.5、PM₁₀的清除作用分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38 (12): 4620- 4629.
15	李凯飞, 张恒德, 谢永华. 降水对京津冀中南部PM₁₀和PM_2.5清除作用的分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33 (3): 69- 74.
16	Jacob D J , Winner D A . Effect of climate change on air quality[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 43 (1): 51- 63.
17	Li K N , Ye X N , Pang H W , et al. Temporal variations in the hygroscopicity and mixing state of black carbon aerosols in a polluted megacity area[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18 (20): 15201- 15218.
18	朱红蕊, 刘赫男, 张洪玲, 等. 哈尔滨市空气质量特征及其与气象要素的关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35 (1): 53- 58.
19	项程程, 柴曼. 辽宁城市PM_2.5时空变化聚类及其气象影响特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35 (1): 35- 44.
20	Ding A J , Fu C B , Yang X Q , et al. Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta:an overview of 1yr data at the SORPES station[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13 (11): 5813- 5830.
21	Chen J , Zhao C S , Ma N , et al. Aerosol hygroscopicity parameter derived from the light scattering enhancement factor measurements in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014, 14 (15): 8105- 8118.
22	唐孝炎, 张远航, 邵敏. 大气环境化学(2版)[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 400- 407.
23	董群, 赵普生, 陈一娜. 降雨对不同粒径气溶胶粒子碰撞清除能力[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37 (10): 3686- 3692.
24	苏捷, 赵普生, 陈一娜. 北京地区不同天气条件下气溶胶数浓度粒径分布特征研究[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37 (4): 1208- 1218.
25	Tai A P K , Mickley L J , Jacob D J , et al. Meteorological modes of variability for fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) air quality in the United States:implications for PM_2.5 sensitivity to climate change[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 12 (6): 3131- 3145.
26	Westervelt D M , Conley A J , Fiore A M , et al. Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18 (16): 12461- 12475.
27	Fujii Y , Iriana W , Oda M , et al. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols emitted from peatland fire in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 87, 164- 169.
28	Leibensperger E M , Mickley L J , Jacob D J . Sensitivity of US air quality to mid-latitude cyclone frequency and implications of 1980-2006 climate change[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008, 8 (23): 7075- 7086.
29	何金海, 郭品文, 银燕, 等. 大气科学概论[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2012: 257- 264.

分类	地面天气形势	气压/(hPa)	气温/℃	PM_2.5/(μg·m^-3)	超标率/(%)	样本占比/(%)
I	低压顶部	1003.5	31.2	26	0.0	1.0
	梅雨锋	1003.5	27.3	32	0.0	1.1
	低压底部	1004.5	29.8	35	3.3	2.9
	热带气旋外围	1005.8	24.2	28	0.0	3.0
	地面低压	1006.1	25.3	38	0.0	4.8
	低压前部	1006.3	27.6	42	6.7	7.1
	低压后部	1007.7	23.1	37	0.0	2.1
	地面气旋	1008.1	21.2	36	9.1	1.0
	高压顶部	1010.4	21.5	52	10.0	1.0
	热带气旋倒槽	1010.4	22.8	29	5.9	1.6
II	均压场	1013.1	20.7	68	30.2	10.1
	倒槽	1015.1	16.3	46	11.5	10.8
	高压后部	1016.3	18.2	56	16.6	17.8
	高压底部	1020.6	14.7	46	16.2	13.5
	高压前部	1021.2	11.6	49	15.0	3.8
	地面冷空气	1024.6	8.4	56	22.2	6.9
	地面高压	1026.1	8.4	68	29.2	11.4

[1]	王宏,郑秋萍,洪有为,吴建成. 2017年漳州海陆风特征与冬春季污染物浓度关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 33-40.
[2]	郑庆锋, 史军, 董广涛, 黄文娟, 徐卫忠, 王泉源. 上海地区AQI变化特征及与气象因素的相关性[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35(5): 53-62.
[3]	霍彦峰, 邓学良, 弓中强, 杨关盈, 孙强, 翟菁, 于彩霞. 2017年5月长三角地区一次沙尘重污染天气成因分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35(1): 26-34.
[4]	李顺姬;李红;陈妙;曹泽磊;黄宇广;李澍. 气象因素对西安市西南城区大气中臭氧及其前体物的影响[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2018, 34(4): 59-67.
[5]	李怀川, 陈宣淼, 叶子祥, 吴贤笃. 浙江省重度空气污染过程时空变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2017, 33(3): 68-79.
[6]	雷正翠, 钱玮, 夏文梅, 沈琰, 吴晶璐, 吴建秋, 黄文彦, 刘银峰. 常州地区霾的变化特征及影响因子分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2016, 32(3): 53-60.
[7]	赵惠芳，沈文武，杨建东，陈丽珍，赵应龙. 泉州沿海县市区域性空气污染气象条件分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(6): 123-127.
[8]	顾小丽，鲍岳建，钱燕珍，邬方平 . 宁波市负氧离子浓度分布与预测模型及其在旅游气象中的应用[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(6): 128-133.
[9]	郑秋萍,林长城,王宏, 陈晓秋,刘红年. 2006—2010年福建沿海城市群低能见度天气特征及影响因素[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(5): 98-105.
[10]	王涛,齐彦斌,王东,王贵军. 东北冷涡积层混合云系形成条件的个例分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2010, 26(5): 7-12.
[11]	岳海燕,申双和. 呼吸道和心脑血管疾病与气象条件关系的研究进展[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2009, 25(2): 57-61.
[12]	王宏林长城隋平陈彬彬. 福州天气形势分型与大气污染物的相关分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2008, 24(6): 7-11.
[13]	陈传雷,蒋大凯,陈艳秋,袁子鹏,孙欣,韩江文,卢娟,才奎志,何宝财. 2007年3月3—5日辽宁特大暴雪过程物理量诊断分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2007, 23(5): 17-25.
[14]	李明香,何晓东,郭兆丽,谭昕,林永茂. 营口市一氧化碳中毒事件发生日气象条件分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2007, 23(4): 25-28.
[15]	刘翠玲. 复杂地形水泥厂窑尾烟囱高度的确定[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2007, 23(2): 68-71.