主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 108-118.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.05.014

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1971—2015年辽宁省海岸带大风时空分布特征及成因分析

敖雪1, 翟晴飞2, 崔妍1, 周晓宇1, 龚强1, 赵春雨1, 朱玲1, 沈历都1   

  1. 1. 沈阳区域气候中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110166;
    2. 辽宁省人工影响天气办公室, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-15 修回日期:2017-07-24 出版日期:2018-10-31 发布日期:2018-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 赵春雨,E-mail:springrainscn@163.com E-mail:springrainscn@163.com
  • 作者简介:敖雪,女,1986年生,工程师,主要从事气候变化研究,E-mail:aoxuefyh@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    公益性(气象)行业专项“多源测风资料融合技术研究及其在风能资源评估中的应用”(GYHY201306050)、气候变化专项“东北地区高分辨率气候场构建和评估”(CCSF201608)、辽宁省气象局科研课题“辽宁省海岸带大风时空分布特征和高发区防御措施研究”(201518)和辽宁省气象局科研课题“风对火箭人工增雨安全射界图的订正研究”(201515)共同资助。

Temporal and spatial distribution of gale in the coastal zone of Liaoning province and its reason during 1971-2015

AO Xue1, ZHAI Qing-fei2, CUI Yan1, ZHOU Xiao-yu1, GONG Qiang1, ZHAO Chun-yu1, ZHU Ling1, SHEN Li-du1   

  1. 1. Shenyang Regional Climate Center of Liaoning, Shenyang 110166, China;
    2. Liaoning Weather Modification Office, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2017-03-15 Revised:2017-07-24 Online:2018-10-31 Published:2018-10-31

摘要: 利用1971—2015年辽宁省海岸带气象站逐日最大风速风向观测资料,分析了辽宁省海岸带大风日数的时空变化特征。结果表明:1971—2015年辽宁省海岸带春季大风高发,冬季次之,夏季大风发生最少;渤海北部地区和渤海海峡大风日数月变化均呈双峰型,4月为大风活动高峰期;海岸带大风主要以偏北风和偏南风为主,东西风出现次数较少;除盖县外其他海岸带气象站点的大风日数均呈显著减少的趋势,渤海海峡平均大风日数减少最明显,减少速率为19.3 d/10 a,其次为渤海北部地区,黄海北部地区大风日数减少速率相对缓慢。渤海北部地区和渤海海峡大风日数主要存在7 a左右的主周期,并从20世纪80年代开始发生突变减少;黄海北部地区大风日数则以11 a的变化周期为主,且从20世纪70年代开始发生突变减少。近45 a辽宁省海岸带年平均大风日数存在3个高值中心和3个低值中心,高值中心分别位于旅顺口和大连地区、长海、锦州盘山一带;低值中心主要分布在东港、绥中、普兰店附近,大风高发区和低发区交叉分布。西风指数增强导致经向环流减弱,不利于冷暖空气交换;亚洲区极涡面积和北半球极涡面积指数显著下降,且极涡中心位置呈北进状态,说明冷空气活动强度和发生频率有所减少;西伯利亚高压强度减弱,降低了东西方向的气压梯度;寒潮和强冷空气出现次数逐渐减少,气温日较差显著减小,可能是辽宁省海岸带大风日数减少的重要原因。

关键词: 海岸带, 大风日数, 突变, 周期

Abstract: Based on the daily maximum wind speed and wind direction data of coastal zone weather stations in Liaoning province from 1971 to 2015,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of gale days and its variation were analyzed.The results show that the number of gale days is highest in spring and followed by winter and summer.The monthly variation of the number of gale days is a bimodal type in the northern part of Bohai Sea and Bohai Strait with a peak value in April.The northerly and southerly winds dominate in the coastal zone and the east and west winds occur infrequently.The number of gale days in most of weather stations of coastal zone shows a decreasing trend except the Gai county.The decreasing trend in the Bohai strait is most significant with a rate of 19.3 d/10 a,followed by the northern part of the Bohai Sea.The decrease rate in the northern part of the Yellow Sea is relatively smaller.In addition,the number of gale days in the northern part of Bohai Sea and the Bohai Strait show a main cycle of about 7 years,and a decreasing climate abrupt change occurs in the 1980s.Besides an 11-year cycle occurs in the northern part of the Yellow Sea and an abrupt decreasing appears after the 1970s.There are three high-value centers including Lüshunkou-Dalian,Changhai and Jinzhou-Panshan and three low-value centers such as Donggang,Suizhong and Pulandian area for the averaged annual gale days in the coastal zone of Liaoning province in recent 45 years.The high and low incidence areas demonstrate a cross-distribution.The zonal index enhancement leads to a weakening of meridional circulation,which is not favorable to the exchange between cold and warm air.The Asia polar Vortex Area Index and the Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex Area Index decrease significantly and the polar vortex central position is northward propelling,implying that the intensity and frequency of the cold air activity are reducing.The weakening Siberia high intensity cuts down the pressure gradient in the east-west direction.As a result,the decreasing frequencies of cold wave and strong cold air and the daily range of temperature may be the important reason for decreasing the number of gale days in the coastal zone.

Key words: Coastal zone, Gale days, Abrupt change, Cycle

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