主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 33-41.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.06.004

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省春季两次罕见暖锋暴雨过程诊断分析

任丽1, 张桂华1, 赵玲1, 林嘉楠2   

  1. 1. 黑龙江省气象台, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;
    2. 宾县气象局, 黑龙江 宾县 150400
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-21 修回日期:2017-11-14 出版日期:2018-12-31 发布日期:2018-12-31
  • 作者简介:任丽,女,1982年生,高级工程师,主要从事灾害性天气及常规天气预报研究,E-mail:strli@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2017-021）、黑龙江省龙云气象科技有限责任公司气象院士工作站重点项目“2000年以后的暖锋暴雨特征及数值模拟研究”（YSZD201702）和黑龙江省科技厅省院合作项目“黑龙江省台风影响暴雨与暖锋暴雨特征及数值模拟研究”（YS18Z01）共同资助。

Comparison analysis of two rare heavy rainfalls in Spring over Heilongjiang province

REN Li1, ZHANG Gui-hua1, ZHAO Ling1, LIN Jia-nan2   

  1. 1. Meteorological Observatory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China;
    2. Bin County Meteorological Service, Binxian 150400, China
  • Received:2017-06-21 Revised:2017-11-14 Online:2018-12-31 Published:2018-12-31

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摘要： 利用常规和加密气象观测资料、美国环境预报中心（National Center of Environmental Prediction，NCEP）的再分析格点资料及FY-2E卫星云顶亮温（Temperature of Black Body，TBB）观测资料，对2010年和2016年5月初黑龙江省两次罕见的春季暖锋暴雨过程进行追踪和诊断分析，探究两次春季暴雨过程的动力、水汽和不稳定条件及暴雨期间暖锋锋生和对称不稳定特征。结果表明：黑龙江省5月初两次暴雨过程的高空影响系统均为高空槽切断成冷涡，只是新生冷涡位置不同，导致暴雨落区不同。两次暴雨过程均出现了垂直于暖锋的次级环流，次级环流的出现有利于加强上升运动，从而加强降雨强度。两次暴雨过程大气均表现为热力稳定结构，暖锋前冷区低层有冷垫，并伴有弱下沉运动，暖湿空气在冷垫之上沿着锋面爬升，是造成持续性降雨的主要原因；不同之处在于2016年暴雨过程锋面之下的冷空气中，下沉运动的范围和厚度更大，冷垫和地形的共同作用使上升运动主要出现在锋区中上层。两次暴雨过程均发生在暖锋锋生时，降雨与锋生相伴，锋生最强时段也是降雨强度最大的时段；锋生作用减弱，降雨强度亦减弱；转为锋消时，降雨结束。对流层中层的湿对称不稳定，有利于降雨的维持和发展，并出现了与暖锋相平行的中尺度雨带特征。

关键词: 暖锋暴雨, 锋生, 对称不稳定, 冷涡, 次级环流

Abstract: Based on the conventional and intensive observation data,FNL (Final Analysis) reanalysis data,as well as the TBB (Temperature of Black Body) observed by the FY-2E satellite,the associated thermodynamics,dynamic and instability mechanisms,warm front frontogenesis and the symmetric instability for the occurrence and evolution of two rare heavy rainfalls at the beginning of May over Heilongjiang province were analyzed.The results suggest that the influencing systems of the two heavy rainfalls are the upper trough that cuts into the cold vortex.The difference of the location at which the new cold cortex is formed leads to a different heavy rainfall area.During the two heavy rain processes,there is a secondary circulation perpendicular to the warm front.The secondary circulation is helpful to strengthen the ascending motion and strengthen the rainfall intensity.During the two heavy rain processes,the characteristics of the atmosphere are thermal stability.The low layer cold zone before the warm front is dry and cold.It acts as a cold wedge.Warm air rising above the cold wedge along the front is the main cause for the persistent rainfall.The difference is that in the cold air below the fronts of the 2016 rainstorm,the range and thickness of the sinking motion are larger.The joint action of the cold wedge and the terrain cause the upward motion mainly happen in the upper and middle layers of the frontal zone.Two rainstorms occur in the warm frontogenesis.Rainfall and frontogenesis accompany with each other.The rainfall intensity reaches the strongest level during the period that the frontogenesis is the strongest.When the frontogenesis starts to weaken,the rainfall intensity also starts to weaken till reaching zero.The moist convective instability of the middle troposphere is conducive to the development and maintenance of rainfall.There is a mesoscale rain belt paralleling with the warm front.

Key words: Spring heavy rainfall, Frontogenesis, Symmetric instability, Cold vortex, Secondary circulation

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