主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 86-92.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2021.05.013

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

春大豆鼓粒至成熟期水分胁迫对结实和产量的影响

李秀芬1,2(),马树庆3,4,*(),于海5,徐丽萍5,陈凤涛5,宫丽娟1,2   

  1. 1. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
    2. 中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
    3. 吉林省气象台, 吉林 长春 130062
    4. 吉林省气象服务中心, 吉林 长春 130062
    5. 榆树市气象局, 吉林 榆树 130400
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-01 出版日期:2021-10-30 发布日期:2021-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 马树庆 E-mail:ge-2003@163.com;jlmasq@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:李秀芬, 女, 1973年生, 正研级高级工程师, 主要从事生态与农业气象、气候资源及变化研究, E-mail: ge-2003@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31671576);国家自然科学基金(31801253);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金(stqx2019zd02);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2020C105)

Impact of soil water stress from pod filling to maturity on seed setting and yield of spring soybean

Xiu-fen LI1,2(),Shu-qing MA3,4,*(),Hai YU5,Li-ping XU5,Feng-tao CHEN5,Li-juan GONG1,2   

  1. 1. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
    2. Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China, CMA, Harbin 150030, China
    3. Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
    4. Meteorological Service Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
    5. Yushu Meteorological Service, Yushu 130400, China
  • Received:2020-08-01 Online:2021-10-30 Published:2021-11-01
  • Contact: Shu-qing MA E-mail:ge-2003@163.com;jlmasq@aliyun.com

摘要:

揭示春大豆后期干旱对产量形成的影响规律,为开展夏秋干旱评估和抗旱灌溉提供科学依据。于2017年和2018年在吉林省中部开展大豆鼓粒—成熟期农田水分控制试验,设7个土壤水分处理和1个自然雨养处理,观测土壤湿度、结荚率、空秕荚率、百粒重及产量。采用回归方法分析土壤湿度对大豆产量性状的影响。结果表明:在田间持水量以下,大豆粒重和产量与鼓粒—成熟期间耕层土壤水分线性正相关,结荚数和空秕荚率与土壤水分呈二次函数关系。鼓粒—成熟期间0—30 cm土层土壤湿度每下降1个百分点,大豆结荚数和有效荚数分别下降3.1和3.7个百分点,相对百粒重和相对单产分别下降0.8和1.5个百分点,空秕荚率上升9.3个百分点。大豆鼓粒—成熟期比较喜水,但也有较强的耐旱能力,土壤湿度22%—23%之间大豆荚数多、空秕荚少、籽粒重、产量高。大豆鼓粒—成熟期轻旱、中旱、重旱和特旱的土壤相对湿度指标分别为66%—75%、57%—65%、50%—56%和50%以下,对应的减产率分别为5%—10%、11%—15%、16%—20%和20%以上。与以往指标比较,本试验重旱、特旱指标明显大于凋萎湿度,更符合大豆水分生理规律,可用于春大豆鼓粒—成熟期干旱影响定量评估。

关键词: 春大豆, 水分胁迫, 产量, 相关模式, 夏秋干旱指标

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of drought in late growth on yield formation of spring soybean, and to provide the scientific basis for summer-autumn drought assessment and drought control irrigation, soil moisture control experiments consisting of seven soil moisture levels and one natural rain-fed treatment from pod filling to maturity were carried out in central Jilin province in 2017 and 2018, and soil moisture, pod bearing rate, empty-chaff pod rate, grain weight and yield were observed. The effects of soil moisture on soybean yield were analyzed by the regression method. The results showed that under the field capacity, the grain weight and yield of soybean are linearly positively correlated with the soil moisture during the period of pod filling to maturity, and the number of soybean pod bearing and the relative empty-chaff pod rate and the soil moisture are related in quadratic function. If the soil moisture during pod filling to maturity in 0-30 cm soil depth decreases by 1 percentage point, the number of soybean pods and the number of effective pods decrease by 3.1 and 3.7 percentage points respectively, and the relative 100-kernel weight and relative yield per unit area decrease by 0.8 and 1.5 percentage points respectively, and the empty pod rate increases by 9.3 percentage points. In this period, soybean likes water but has strong drought tolerance. Soil moisture between 22% and 23% is beneficial to reducing empty-chaff pod rate, and increasing pod number, grain weight, and yield. The soil relative humidity indexes for light, moderate, severe drought and extreme drought are 66%-75%, 57%-65%, 50%-56% and below 50%, respectively, and the corresponding yield reduction rates are 5%-10%, 11%-15%, 16%-20% and more than 20% respectively. Compared with the previous indexes, the indexes of severe and extreme drought in this experiment are significantly higher than wilting humidity, which is more in line with the physiological law of soybean water demand and can be used for quantitative assessment of drought effects on spring soybean during the period of filling and ripening.

Key words: Spring soybean, Water stress, Yield, Correlation model, Summer-autumn drought index

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