主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 55-64.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.01.007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

能见度观测方式改变对京津冀地区雾霾判识及统计的影响分析

朱刚1(),李江波1,*(),孙卓1,王硕飞2   

  1. 1. 河北省气象台, 河北石家庄 050021
    2. 河北省气象局装备中心, 河北石家庄050021
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-07 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 李江波 E-mail:zgzggzgz@126.com;ljbwave@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:朱刚, 男, 1986年生, 工程师, 主要从事能见度及山地气象方面研究, E-mail: zgzggzgz@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科技冬奥项目子课题“冬奥赛场定点气象要素客观预报技术研究及应用”(2018YFF0300104);河北省科技冬奥专项“冬奥会崇礼赛区赛事专项气象预报关键技术”(19975414D);北京市自然基金重点项目“京津冀城市群边界层结构特征对区域重霾污染的影响研究”(8171022)

Influence of the change of visibility observation method on the statistics and identification of fog and haze in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Gang ZHU1(),Jiang-bo LI1,*(),Zhuo SUN1,Shuo-fei WANG2   

  1. 1. Hebei Meteorological Observatory, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    2. Equipment Center of Hebei Meteorological Service, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Received:2021-09-07 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-03-27
  • Contact: Jiang-bo LI E-mail:zgzggzgz@126.com;ljbwave@aliyun.com

RichHTML

10

PDF (PC)

93

摘要：

将京津冀地区177个自动站2000—2020年地面资料分为2000—2013年(目测)、2014年(目测与器测)和2015—2020年(器测)3个阶段对能见度进行对比分析。定义冷季为11月至翌年4月, 暖季为5—10月。结果表明: 能见度年平均值在08时和14时绝大多数站点器测值小于目测值。冷季月平均能见度08时器测低于目测, 14时差别较08时明显缩小; 暖季08时器测总体低于目测, 但两者差异小于冷季, 5月差异最小。2014年, 在雾霾多发的1—4月, 08时和14时器测能见度明显小于目测, 在雾霾较少的5—12月, 半数以上器测能见度大于目测。能见度小于12 km时, 器测小于目测, 12 km以上时器测大于目测, 能见度小于1 km时器测接近目测。能见度和相对湿度呈反相关。当能见度小于0.5 km, 目测和器测的相对湿度为93%~96%, 但随着能见度的增大, 器测更为分散。能见度转为器测后, 雾和霾次数明显增加, 霾更明显。京津冀地区雾器测和目测高发区均位于京广铁路沿线, 但霾高发区是从中南部太行山到平原过渡的浅山区东移到京广铁路沿线。

关键词: 能见度, 观测方式, 雾, 霾, 相对湿度

Abstract:

Based on the visibility and conventional ground observation data of 177 stations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the period from 2000 to 2018 which is divided into three stages of 2000-2013, 2014, and 2015-2020 when the human visual measurement (HM), the instrumental derived measurement (IM) and the joint observation of HM and IM are adopted, respectively, the visibilities measured by HM and IM were compared and analyzed.The cold and the warm season were respectively defined as the period from November to April of the following year and from May to October.The results show that the annual average visibilities measured by IM at 08:00 and 14:00 are lower than those measured by HM.In the cold season, the measured monthly average visibility at 08:00 by IM is lower than that by HM, and the difference between two methods at 14:00 is significantly smaller than at 08:00.In the warm season, the visibility at 08:00 measured by IM is lower than that by HM, but the difference is generally lower than that in the cold season and is the smallest in May.In 2014, fog and haze occur frequently from January to April.The visibilities at 08:00 and 14:00 measured by IM are obviously less than those by HM.From May to December when there is less haze, the visibilities of more than half stations measured by IM are greater than those by HM.When the visibility is below 12 km, the measured values by IM are less than those by HM, and when the visibility is above the 12 km, the measured values by IM are greater than those by HM.When the visibility is less than 1 km, the measured values by IM are close to those by HM.There is an inverse correlation between visibility and relative humidity.When the visibility is less than 0.5 km, the relative humidities measured by IM and HM range from 93% to 96%, but with the increase of visibility, the relative humidity measured by IM is more scattered than that by HM.After the observation is changed from HM to IM, the occurrence frequencies of fog and haze increase obviously, especially for haze.The high incidence area of fog measured by IM and HM both are distributed along the Beijing-Guangzhou railway in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, but the haze high incidence area moves eastward from the shallow mountain area of the south-central Taihang Mountain to the plain to the line of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway.

Key words: Visibility, Observation method, Fog, Haze, Relative humidity

中图分类号: