春大豆鼓粒至成熟期水分胁迫对结实和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2021.05.013

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of drought in late growth on yield formation of spring soybean, and to provide the scientific basis for summer-autumn drought assessment and drought control irrigation, soil moisture control experiments consisting of seven soil moisture levels and one natural rain-fed treatment from pod filling to maturity were carried out in central Jilin province in 2017 and 2018, and soil moisture, pod bearing rate, empty-chaff pod rate, grain weight and yield were observed. The effects of soil moisture on soybean yield were analyzed by the regression method. The results showed that under the field capacity, the grain weight and yield of soybean are linearly positively correlated with the soil moisture during the period of pod filling to maturity, and the number of soybean pod bearing and the relative empty-chaff pod rate and the soil moisture are related in quadratic function. If the soil moisture during pod filling to maturity in 0-30 cm soil depth decreases by 1 percentage point, the number of soybean pods and the number of effective pods decrease by 3.1 and 3.7 percentage points respectively, and the relative 100-kernel weight and relative yield per unit area decrease by 0.8 and 1.5 percentage points respectively, and the empty pod rate increases by 9.3 percentage points. In this period, soybean likes water but has strong drought tolerance. Soil moisture between 22% and 23% is beneficial to reducing empty-chaff pod rate, and increasing pod number, grain weight, and yield. The soil relative humidity indexes for light, moderate, severe drought and extreme drought are 66%-75%, 57%-65%, 50%-56% and below 50%, respectively, and the corresponding yield reduction rates are 5%-10%, 11%-15%, 16%-20% and more than 20% respectively. Compared with the previous indexes, the indexes of severe and extreme drought in this experiment are significantly higher than wilting humidity, which is more in line with the physiological law of soybean water demand and can be used for quantitative assessment of drought effects on spring soybean during the period of filling and ripening.

Key words: Spring soybean, Water stress, Yield, Correlation model, Summer-autumn drought index

CLC Number:

S529

Xiu-fen LI,Shu-qing MA,Hai YU,Li-ping XU,Feng-tao CHEN,Li-juan GONG. Impact of soil water stress from pod filling to maturity on seed setting and yield of spring soybean[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(5): 86-92.

Figures/Tables 9

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年份	灌溉时间	处理灌溉量/mm
年份	灌溉时间	H₁	H₂	H₃	H₄	H₅	H₆	H₇
2017	8月22日	17.9	17.9	11.9	7.1	2.4	-	-
	9月3日	17.9	17.9	-	-	-	-	-
	9月8日	23.8	23.8	14.3	7.1	4.8	2.4	-
	9月13日	17.9	17.9	7.1	-	-	-	-
2018	8月9日	17.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
	8月16日	17.9	17.9	8.3	3.6	-	-	-
	8月23日	11.9	17.9	11.9	6.0	3.6	-	-
	9月11日	11.9	17.9	11.9	6.0	3.6	3.6	-

等级	0—30 cm土壤湿度		减产率	相对产量	相对百粒重	相对荚数	相对有效荚数	相对空秕荚率
等级	绝对	相对	减产率	相对产量	相对百粒重	相对荚数	相对有效荚数	相对空秕荚率
不旱	19—22	73—85	＜5	＞95	＞99	＞92	＞92	＜105
轻旱	17—18	66—72	10—5	90—95	99—100	85—91	83—91	105—121
中旱	15—16	57—65	15—11	86—89	97—98.9	75—84	73—82	122—150
重旱	13—14	50—56	20—16	82—85	96—96.9	67—74	64—72	151—181
特旱	＜13	＜50	＞20	＜82	＜96	＜67	＜64	＞181

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Impact of soil water stress from pod filling to maturity on seed setting and yield of spring soybean

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