富裕县农田土壤湿度变化及其对玉米发育期和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2020.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper analyses the effects of relative soil moisture (RSM) on maize development period and yield so as to provide a scientific basis for the maize production in west Songnen Plain.Taking west Songnen Plain in Fuyu county of Heilongjiang province as the research region, using the RSM data during 1982-2017, the development period and yield of maize during 1995-2017, the change characteristics of RSM and their effects on the development period and yield of maize were investigated based on comparative analysis, correlation analysis, and Mann-Kendall mutation testing methods.The results show that the RSM experiences an increasing-decreasing-increasing change trend in recent 36 years.On average, soil drought occurs every 4-6 years during sowing-emergence, jointing-tasseling, milk-mature stage and occurs every 2-3 years during the tasseling-milk stage.Soil drought does not occur during the emergence-jointing stage.The mutation year of RSM with a decreasing and increasing trend for each development period is around 1987 and 2013, respectively.The RSM is suitable and the drought is lighter in the 1980s.In the 1990s, the RSM declines rapidly, which results in the most severe droughts.Then, the drought gradually eases with the passage of the year.Soil droughts occurring in sowing-emergence and seedling-jointing have little effect on maize yield, and the jointing-maturing period is the key period when a drought affects maize yield.

Key words: Relative soil moisture, Maize, Development period, Yield

CLC Number:

S513
P49

Ping YAN,Sheng-tai JI,Yan-kun SUN,Li-xia JIANG,Qiu-jing WANG,Jia-jia LV,Ping WANG. Change characteristics of farmland soil moisture in Fuyu County and their effects on development period and yield of Maize[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(4): 74-82.

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References 32

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等级	播种期—出苗期	出苗期—拔节期	拔节期—抽雄期	抽雄期—乳熟期	乳熟期—成熟期
轻旱	50＜R≤60	45＜R≤55	55＜R≤65	60＜R≤70	50＜R≤60
中旱	40＜R≤50	35＜R≤45	45＜R≤55	50＜R≤60	40＜R≤50
重旱	30＜R≤40	25＜R≤35	35＜R≤45	40＜R≤50	30＜R≤40

发育期	统计量	1982—1990年	1991—2000年	2001—2010年	2011—2017年
播种期—出苗期	R_多年/(%)	93	64	76	79
播种期—出苗期	D_A/a	0	4	2	0
出苗期—拔节期	R_多年/(%)	88	67	79	87
出苗期—拔节期	D_A/a	0	0	1	0
拔节期—抽雄期	R_多年/(%)	90	67	78	87
拔节期—抽雄期	D_A/a	1	4	3	0
抽雄期—乳熟期	R_多年/(%)	84	72	71	88
抽雄期—乳熟期	D_A/a	4	7	6	0
乳熟期—成熟期	R_多年/(%)	101	74	67	88
乳熟期—成熟期	D_A/a	1	3	4	0

发育期	播种期—出苗期土壤相对湿度	出苗期—拔节期土壤相对湿度	拔节期—抽雄期土壤相对湿度	抽雄期—乳熟期土壤相对湿度	乳熟期—成熟期土壤相对湿度
播种日期	0.27	0.15	0.20	0.03	-0.18
出苗日期	0.11	0.15	-0.01	-0.07	-0.19
拔节日期	-0.35	0.03	0.00	0.18	0.34
抽雄日期	-0.49^*	-0.17	-0.26	0.22	0.38
乳熟日期	-0.42	-0.02	-0.07	0.20	0.36
成熟日期	-0.41	-0.22	-0.13	0.30	0.30

项目	播种期—出苗期	出苗期—拔节期	拔节期—抽雄期	抽雄期—乳熟期	乳熟期—成熟期
相关系数(R)	-0.121	0.080	0.321^*	-0.123	0.049
Sig	0.592	0.724	0.037	0.586	0.830

气象产量	播种期—出苗期	出苗期—拔节期	拔节期—抽雄期	抽雄期—乳熟期	乳熟期—成熟期
土壤干旱年	676	290	-134	-345	-301
非土壤干旱年	-159	19	93	292	186
差值	835	271	-228	-637	-487

Change characteristics of farmland soil moisture in Fuyu County and their effects on development period and yield of Maize

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典型年	2003年播种期—拔节期	2007年拔节期—成熟期	2010年抽雄期—成熟期	2012年播种期—出苗期
典型年产量/(kg/hm²)	4530	3820	5600	9500
近5 a增减产百分比/(%)	-3	-58	-16	1

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