气象条件对三江平原水稻产量和营养品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2024.06.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality were analyzed by using Duncan′s multiple extreme deviation test, Friedman′s rank test, correlation analysis, and yield and quality composite index in 2018-2019 using the 2018-2019 rice staged transplantation observations, meteorological data, and grain quality testing data in the Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that meteorological conditions had a significant effect on yield, which was highly significantly and positively correlated with ∑T_{≥ 10 ℃} at the heading-milk ripening stage, and this value of 684.8 ℃ was an indicator of the cumulative temperature for obtaining ideal yield in rice.Meteorological conditions significantly affected the amino acid and fatty acid contents of grains, and the correlation between various types of amino acid and fatty acid contents and meteorological conditions was unique.Overall, amino acid content was highly significant and significantly negatively correlated with ΔT at the heading-milk ripening stage and T_max at the transplanting-maturity stage, respectively; fatty acid content was highly significant and negatively correlated with T and T_max at the transplanting-maturity stage, and ΔT at the panicle initiation-maturity stage, respectively.The ΔT of 5.1 ℃ at the heading-milk ripening stage and the ΔT of 7.0 ℃ at the panicle initiation-maturity stage were the temperature indexes for obtaining ideal amino acid and fatty acid contents, respectively.Meteorological conditions had no significant effect on grain protein content, but on grain fat, starch, and straight-chain amylose content; fat and straight-chain amylose content decreased and starch content increased with delayed transplanting period.Overall, rice yield and nutritional quality were significantly and positively correlated with the T_min of the heading-milk ripening stage.In the Sanjiang Plain, the suitable transplanting period for rice is when the temperature is stable over 13.0 ℃, and the date of transplanting is around May 19, and then the rice cultivation can obtain high yield, high quality and high efficiency.It can be seen that rational control of crop sowing or transplanting period is an effective method to improve crop yield and quality in agricultural production, which can promote agricultural production to increase yield, quality and efficiency.

Key words: Duncan′s multiple extreme deviation test, Friedman′s rank test, Yield, Nutritional quality

CLC Number:

S511/S16

Yonggang GAO,Fang WANG,Yan WANG,Junjie HAN,Lixia JIANG,Feng GAO,Ming WANG,Shengyang SUN. Effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2024, 40(6): 78-88.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.各移栽期的水稻产量差异与趋势

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

Correlation coefficients between fatty acid content of rice at each transplanting stage and meteorological factors during the same period, 2018-2019"

脂肪酸	移栽—成熟期						移栽—孕穗期
脂肪酸	T		T_max	ΔT	∑T_{≥10 ℃}	P	T		T_max		ΔT
葵酸	-0.86^**		-0.92^**	-0.81^**	0.29	0.94^**	-0.38		-0.60		-0.49
月桂酸	-0.84^**		-0.92^**	-0.78^*	0.20	0.93^**	-0.28		-0.51		-0.55
肉豆蔻酸	-0.82^**		-0.83^**	-0.74^*	0.42	0.87^**	-0.47		-0.62		-0.27
十五碳酸	-0.86^**		-0.93^**	-0.75^*	0.22	0.95^**	-0.31		-0.55		-0.56
棕榈酸	0.33		0.35	0.37	0.55	-0.22	-0.30		-0.08		0.78^*
棕榈油酸	-0.81^**		-0.89^**	-0.72^*	0.29	0.92^**	-0.34		-0.54		-0.44
十七碳酸	-0.88^**		-0.94^**	-0.68^*	0.36	0.97^**	-0.45		-0.66		-0.45
十七碳一烯酸	-0.77^*		-0.86^**	-0.73^*	0.20	0.88^**	-0.25		-0.45		-0.49
硬脂酸	-0.87^**		-0.88^**	-0.57	0.61	0.95^**	-0.69^*		-0.84^**		-0.22
油酸	-0.66		-0.71^*	-0.42	0.69^*	0.80^**	-0.66		-0.73^*		0.02
亚油酸	-0.75^*		-0.83^**	-0.67^*	0.38	0.87^**	-0.39		-0.55		-0.31
花生酸	-0.93^**		-0.98^**	-0.71^*	0.35	0.99^**	-0.48		-0.70^*		-0.49
二十碳一烯酸	-0.69^*		-0.70^*	-0.34	0.70^*	0.80^**	-0.68^*		-0.75^*		0.04
二十碳二烯酸	-0.74^*		-0.83^**	-0.55	0.53	0.89^**	-0.54		-0.68^*		-0.23
二十碳三烯酸	-0.74^*		-0.83^**	-0.65	0.31	0.89^**	-0.34		-0.53		-0.42
二十碳三烯酸	-0.85^**		-0.83^**	-0.42	0.69^*	0.91^**	-0.77^*		-0.89^**		-0.11
二十一碳酸	-0.84^**		-0.90^**	-0.55	0.47	0.96^**	-0.54		-0.73^*		-0.36
二十二碳酸	-0.87^**		-0.88^**	-0.48	0.59	0.94^**	-0.69^*		-0.85^**		-0.25
芥酸	-0.69^*		-0.63	-0.33	0.68^*	0.74^*	-0.76^*		-0.83^**		-0.01
二十三碳酸	-0.82^**		-0.85^**	-0.44	0.58	0.93^**	-0.66		-0.81^**		-0.25
二十四碳酸	-0.85^**		-0.86^**	-0.46	0.60	0.94^**	-0.70^*		-0.85^**		-0.24
二十四碳一烯酸	-0.80^**		-0.87^**	-0.60	0.25	0.91^**	-0.32		-0.53		-0.49
脂肪酸	抽穗—乳熟期						孕穗—成熟期
脂肪酸	T	T_max	T_min	ΔT	P	S	T	T_min	ΔT	∑T_{≥10 ℃}	P
葵酸	-0.29	-0.58	0.43	-0.92^**	0.89^**	-0.75^*	-0.13	0.29	-0.91^**	0.56	0.96^**
月桂酸	-0.32	-0.62	0.42	-0.95^**	0.88^**	-0.81^**	-0.24	0.20	-0.88^**	0.52	0.96^**
肉豆蔻酸	-0.11	-0.39	0.52	-0.79^*	0.83^**	-0.62	0.05	0.44	-0.90^**	0.69^*	0.93^**
十五碳酸	-0.30	-0.61	0.44	-0.95^**	0.91^**	-0.82^**	-0.21	0.22	-0.89^**	0.53	0.96^**
棕榈酸	0.73^*	0.72^*	0.44	0.42	-0.21	0.66	0.68^*	0.57	-0.03	0.51	-0.03
棕榈油酸	-0.20	-0.51	0.51	-0.90^**	0.88^**	-0.73^*	-0.14	0.29	-0.90^**	0.62	0.97^**
十七碳酸	-0.18	-0.51	0.56	-0.93^**	0.95^**	-0.75^*	-0.08	0.36	-0.94^**	0.63	0.98^**
十七碳一烯酸	-0.26	-0.55	0.44	-0.90^**	0.83^**	-0.75^*	-0.22	0.20	-0.85^**	0.55	0.95^**
硬脂酸	0.06	-0.28	0.71^*	-0.79^*	0.95^**	-0.55	0.23	0.61	-0.96^**	0.77^*	0.94^**
油酸	0.27	-0.06	0.79^*	-0.63	0.79^*	-0.32	0.35	0.69^*	-0.92^**	0.88^**	0.89^**
亚油酸	-0.10	-0.40	0.56	-0.83^**	0.83^**	-0.62	-0.03	0.38	-0.90^**	0.68^*	0.96^**
花生酸	-0.22	-0.55	0.53	-0.95^**	0.97^**	-0.79^*	-0.09	0.34	-0.94^**	0.59	0.97^**
二十碳一烯酸	0.32	-0.01	0.84^**	-0.61	0.82^**	-0.33	0.38	0.71^*	-0.89^**	0.90^**	0.88^**
二十碳二烯酸	0.07	-0.28	0.71^*	-0.80^**	0.87^**	-0.51	0.12	0.52	-0.95^**	0.77^*	0.97^**
二十碳三烯酸	-0.14	-0.45	0.53	-0.86^**	0.85^**	-0.64	-0.07	0.32	-0.86^**	0.61	0.94^**
二十碳三烯酸	0.18	-0.16	0.79^*	-0.71^*	0.94^**	-0.48	0.35	0.70^*	-0.93^**	0.81^**	0.88^**
二十一碳酸	-0.04	-0.39	0.66	-0.87^**	0.95^**	-0.64	0.07	0.47	-0.94^**	0.68^*	0.95^**
二十二碳酸	0.08	-0.27	0.73^*	-0.79^*	0.96^**	-0.57	0.23	0.60	-0.94^**	0.74^*	0.91^**
芥酸	0.23	-0.04	0.67^*	-0.51	0.78^*	-0.29	0.48	0.71^*	-0.75^*	0.69^*	0.67^*
二十三碳酸	0.09	-0.26	0.74^*	-0.79^*	0.95^**	-0.54	0.22	0.59	-0.92^**	0.73^*	0.91^**
二十四碳酸	0.09	-0.25	0.73^*	-0.78^*	0.96^**	-0.54	0.25	0.61	-0.93^**	0.74^*	0.90^**
二十四碳一烯酸	-0.20	-0.51	0.51	-0.90^**	0.89^**	-0.75^*	-0.16	0.25	-0.85^**	0.55	0.93^**

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.4

Fig.5

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产量结构	2018年				2019年
产量结构	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4
地上总干重/g	70.03	76.88	72.14	61.77	70.51	72.75	69.74	68.39
穗干重占地上总干重比率/(%)	58.30	59.35	59.37	57.21	58.49	58.12	57.57	57.65
株穗数/个	4.41	4.78	4.57	4.26	4.12	4.36	4.04	3.99
穗粒数/粒	80	91	88	75	83	91	87	76
千粒重/g	24.94	24.37	24.04	23.43	22.98	24.31	23.49	22.45

年份	处理	2018年				2019年
年份	处理	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4
2018年	TD1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD2	0.001^**	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD3	0.0001^**	0.0618	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD4	0.4883	0.0085^**	0.0001^**	-	-	-	-	-
2019年	TD1	0.0001^**	0.0041^**	0.2992	0.0001^**	-	-	-	-
	TD2	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0189^*	0.0001^**	0.1827	-	-	-
	TD3	0.0001^**	0.0112^*	0.4883	0.0001^**	0.7287	0.0942	-	-
	TD4	0.0001^**	0.0215^*	0.6557	0.0001^**	0.5524	0.0554	0.8043	-

年份	处理	2018年				2019年
年份	处理	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4	TD1	TD2	TD3	TD4
2018年	TD1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD2	0.0002^**	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD3	0.0086^**	0.2554	-	-	-	-	-	-
	TD4	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	-	-	-	-	-
2019年	TD1	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	-	-	-	-
	TD2	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.9999	-	-	-
	TD3	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0005^**	0.0005^**	-	-
	TD4	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.0001^**	0.3759	0.3759	0.0086^**	-

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Effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality in the Sanjiang Plain

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氨基酸	移栽—成熟期				抽穗—乳熟期				孕穗—成熟期
氨基酸	T	T_max	ΔT	P	T_max	ΔT	P	S	T_max	ΔT	P
天冬氨酸	-0.83^**	-0.91^**	-0.78^*	0.93^**	-0.67^*	-0.96^**	0.89^**	-0.81^**	-0.60	-0.83^**	0.91^**
谷氨酸	-0.75^*	-0.88^**	-0.73^*	0.92^**	-0.64	-0.94^**	0.86^**	-0.73^*	-0.58	-0.85^**	0.90^**
丝氨酸	-0.69^*	-0.84^**	-0.68^*	0.88^**	-0.58	-0.91^**	0.82^**	-0.68^*	-0.57	-0.83^**	0.91^**
甘氨酸	-0.65	-0.80^**	-0.64	0.87^**	-0.57	-0.88^**	0.80^**	-0.62	-0.50	-0.81^**	0.85^**
组氨酸	0.50	0.45	-0.15	-0.47	-0.13	0.27	-0.53	0.15	-0.20	0.57	-0.37
精氨酸	0.08	-0.12	-0.30	0.24	-0.27	-0.32	0.15	-0.03	-0.26	-0.20	0.29
苏氨酸	-0.39	-0.53	-0.31	0.66	-0.28	-0.60	0.62	-0.27	-0.18	-0.62	0.60
丙氨酸	-0.68^*	-0.80^**	-0.69^*	0.87^**	-0.56	-0.86^**	0.81^**	-0.60	-0.46	-0.81^**	0.84^**
脯氨酸	0.87^**	0.92^**	0.80^**	-0.87^**	0.73^*	0.93^**	-0.84^**	0.92^**	0.70^*	0.75^*	-0.84^**
酪氨酸	-0.57	-0.72^*	-0.65	0.79^*	-0.55	-0.83^**	0.71^*	-0.61	-0.54	-0.73^*	0.84^**
缬氨酸	-0.74^*	-0.86^**	-0.70^*	0.92^**	-0.63	-0.93^**	0.85^**	-0.70^*	-0.55	-0.83^**	0.88^**
蛋氨酸	0.18	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.16	0.03	0.00	0.36	0.23	-0.15	0.05
异亮氨酸	-0.52	-0.67^*	-0.61	0.76^*	-0.58	-0.79^*	0.68^*	-0.54	-0.49	-0.66	0.72^*
亮氨酸	-0.76^*	-0.88^**	-0.72^*	0.93^**	-0.64	-0.94^**	0.86^**	-0.72^*	-0.57	-0.85^**	0.89^**
笨丙氨酸	-0.71^*	-0.84^**	-0.70^*	0.90^**	-0.63	-0.92^**	0.83^**	-0.69^*	-0.55	-0.81^**	0.86^**
赖氨酸	-0.50	-0.63	-0.72^*	0.71^*	-0.57	-0.76^*	0.63	-0.54	-0.50	-0.61	0.73^*

营养成分	移栽—成熟期						移栽—孕穗期
营养成分	T/℃		T_max/℃	ΔT/℃		P/mm	T_max/℃		ΔT/℃
蛋白质/(g/100 g)	-0.34		-0.32	-0.43		0.34	0.02	-0.59
脂肪/(g/100 g)	-0.91^**		-0.96^**	-0.77^*		0.96^**	-0.72^*	-0.49
淀粉/(g/100 g)	0.73^*		0.74^*	0.82^**		-0.68^*	0.18	0.82^**
直链淀粉/(%)	-0.81^**		-0.81^**	-0.88^**		0.75^*	-0.40	-0.60

营养成分	抽穗—乳熟期						孕穗—成熟期
营养成分	T/℃	T_max/℃	ΔT/℃	∑T_{≥10 ℃}	P/mm	S/h	T_max/℃	ΔT/℃	P/mm
蛋白质/(g/100g)	-0.58	-0.59	-0.43	-0.52	0.30	-0.54	-0.45	-0.12	0.19
脂肪/(g/100g)	-0.27	-0.57	-0.91^**	-0.16	0.92^**	-0.75^*	-0.48	-0.93^**	0.92^**
淀粉/(g/100g)	0.73^*	0.86^**	0.81^**	0.76^*	-0.63	0.94^**	0.78^*	0.48	-0.60
直链淀粉/(%)	-0.45	-0.65	-0.79^*	-0.54	0.73^*	-0.82^**	-0.59	-0.65	0.75^*