Abstract: Based on monthly temperature data from national meteorological observation stations,ERA5 reanalysis data,and aerosol optical depth data derived from satellite,this study analyzes the seasonal warming differences in Shanxi Province over the period 1961-2024 and identifies the possible causes of seasonal change in the maximum warming from winter to spring.The results indicate that:the rate of warming was highest in winter and significantly exceeded that of other seasons prior to the 1990s.Winter warming has slowed,while the rate of warming in spring has surpassed that of winter,making spring the season with the most rapid temperature increase since the mid-1990s.The pronounced rise in minimum temperature during the early period (1961-1990) was the primary driver of rapid winter warming,whereas in the recent period (1995-2024),both minimum and maximum temperatures contributed significantly to the accelerated warming in spring.The dominant factors affecting the warming change in winter and spring are different:an accelerating spring warming was driven by the persistent decline in soil moisture and its positive feedback,and the weakened winter warming was induced by the strengthened intensity of the winter Siberian High.

Key words: Warming rate, Seasonal differences, Soil moisture, Siberian High