黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.01.009

Abstract

Abstract: Based on meteorological data,maize development period records and unit yield information from the primary maize producing areas in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2021,this study selected temperature and soil moisture as the key variables to construct the daily mean temperature and the relative soil moisture of ten days in 0~10 cm soil layer series for maize sowing.Based on the skewness-kurtosis test method of sample series distribution fitting,the suitable temperature and the relative soil moisture indicators were constructed by using the confidence interval estimation method for maize sowing in different regions of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang Province.An independent maize sowing samples was reserved for validation and yield differences associated with varying sowing dates were further analyzed.The results show that the meteorological conditions are favorable in 2012,2014,and 2016,but unfavorable in 2010 and 2013 during the maize sowing period.The developed indicators effectively capture the suitability of temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province.The indicators verify that the coincidence rates of the temperature for maize sowing are 76.6% and 12.3%,and the relative soil moisture are 37.0% and 45.6% within the appropriate and more appropriate ranges.There are significant variations in maize yield among different sowing dates,because there is a mutual compensatory mechanism for meteorological conditions throughout the growth period of maize in different years.Compared to adjacent years of shorter emergence time,the average yield decreases by 14.5% in years of longer emergence time after sowing.The main reason for the delayed sowing of maize is that the temperature and water conditions are both not suitable,or either is not suitable,during the sowing periods in 2010 and 2013,compared with normal sowing years,the yield reduction of 4.4% to 27.5% at representative stations.The temperature and soil moisture conditions such as low temperature and drought,low temperature and waterlogging during the sowing period are not suitable for maize sowing,which affect the rapid emergence of maize after sowing and could easily lead to reduced yields.

Key words: Maize, Sowing, Temperature, Soil moisture, Yield differences

CLC Number:

S162.1

JIANG Lixia, WANG Liangliang, YUE Yuan, ZHAO Fang, CHEN Kexin, LI Xiufen, WANG Qiujing, JI Yanghui. Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2025, 41(1): 74-83.

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Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province

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