主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 62-70.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.02.008

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2012—2021年海南岛极端短时强降水特征及其成因分析

石娟1,2(),蒋贤玲1,2,柯元惠1,2,郑艳1,2   

  1. 1. 海南省气象台,海南海口 570203
    2. 海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口 570203
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-01 出版日期:2023-04-28 发布日期:2023-05-20
  • 作者简介:石娟,女,1983年生,高级工程师,从事短时临近预报工作,E-mail: sjnuist@163.com

Characteristics and causes of short-duration extreme rainfall in Hainan Island from 2012 to 2021

Juan SHI1,2(),Xian-ling JIANG1,2,Yuan-hui KE1,2,Yan ZHENG1,2   

  1. 1. Hainan Meteorological Observatory, Haikou 570203, China
    2. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
  • Received:2022-04-01 Online:2023-04-28 Published:2023-05-20

摘要:

利用2012—2021年海南岛323个地面气象观测站逐小时降水资料及ERA5高分辨率资料,统计分析了海南岛近10 a的极端短时强降水时空分布特征,利用合成分析法探讨了产生极端短时强降水的环流背景。结果表明:海南岛极端短时强降水每年约为422.3次,占短时强降水的8%。极端短时强降水的季节和日变化明显,多发生在4—10月的午后(14:00—19:00),8月站次最多,近10 a发生极端短时强降水的站次最多为11次,出现在海南岛西北部。极端短时强降水日变化呈单峰型,峰值出现在17:00,为每年62.1次。午后发生极端短时强降水的平均降水强度较大,均值为67.8 mm·h-1,峰值为111.5 mm·h-1。海南岛极端短时强降水年、暖季(4—9月)的空间分布有两个高发地区,为海南岛西北部和东部沿海地区,暖季的天气系统是影响海南岛极端短时强降水的主要天气系统。海南岛极端短时强降水逐月空间分布差异与海陆风、地形均有密切关系,各月触发条件不同,7—8月极端短时强降水相对较多。

关键词: 极端短时强降水, 环流背景, 海陆风

Abstract:

Based on the hourly precipitation data and ERA5 high-resolution data from 323 surface meteorological stations in Hainan Island from 2012 to 2021, the temporal and spatial variations of regional short-duration extreme rainfall (SDER) in recent 10 years were analyzed statistically and the circulation background of SDER was discussed using the synthetic analysis method as well.The results show that there are about 422.3 times of SDER in Hainan Island per year, accounting for 8% of SDER.The seasonal and diurnal variations of SDER were significant, most of which occurred in the afternoon of April to October (14:00-19:00), and the SDER most occurred in August.In recent 10 years, there are at most 11 times of SDER at a station located in the northwest of Hainan Island.The diurnal variation of SDER appears unimodal and the peak appears at 17:00 with a frequency of 62.1 times per year.The mean intensity of SDER in the afternoon was higher, with an average of 67.8 mm·h-1 and a peak value of 111.5 mm·h-1.The spatial variation of SDER in the whole year and warm season appears in two high-incidence regions including the northwestern and eastern coastal areas of Hainan Island.The weather system in the warm season dominantly affects the SDER in Hainan Island.The monthly spatial variation differences of SDER in Hainan Island are closely related to land and sea breeze and topography.The triggering conditions are various for each month, and there is relatively more SDER from July to August.

Key words: Extreme short-time heavy precipitation (SDER), Circulation background, Land and sea breeze

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