主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 86-95.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2024.02.011

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2018—2021年渤海中西部海域雷暴大风时空分布特征

左涛1,2(),王科1,2,孙晓磊1,2,王亚男1,2   

  1. 1. 天津海洋中心气象台, 天津 300074
    2. 天津市海洋重点实验室, 天津 300074
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-11 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-05-25
  • 作者简介:左涛, 1986年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事海洋气象预报研究, E-mail: zuotao.1986@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    环渤海区域海洋气象科技协同创新项目(QYXM202313);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-007);天津市气象局研究型业务专项(202103yjxywzx02)

Spatiotemporal distribution of thunderstorm gust in the central and western Bohai Sea from 2018 to 2021

Tao ZUO1,2(),Ke WANG1,2,Xiaolei SUN1,2,Yanan WANG1,2   

  1. 1. Tianjin Marine Meteorological Centre, Tianjin 300074, China
    2. Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology, Tianjin 300074, China
  • Received:2022-09-11 Online:2024-04-28 Published:2024-05-25

摘要:

选用自动气象站、ADTD闪电定位和多普勒雷达等观测资料,统计2018—2021年渤海中西部海域雷暴大风的强度、时空分布和天气类型,基于ERA5再分析资料和自动气象站观测资料,分析大范围雷暴大风发生前的物理量参数特征和参考阈值。结果表明:渤海中西部海域雷暴大风风速主要为8~9级,渤海西部和南部近岸海区为发生频次最多的区域,最多月份为6—7月,最多时段为前半夜。持续4 h及以上的雷暴大风过程中,大范围雷暴大风过程占比为86%。导致雷暴大风发生的500 hPa天气系统为冷涡型(46%)、高空槽型(37%)、副热带高压边缘型(12%)和西北气流型(5%)。大范围雷暴大风发生前对流层中层存在明显的干层,应用物理量参数阈值进行预报时,需考虑天气系统和季节气候特征的影响。

关键词: 天气类型, 雷暴大风, 物理量参数

Abstract:

Using observation data from automatic meteorological stations, ADTD lightning positioning, and Doppler radar, we analyzed the intensity, spatiotemporal distribution and synoptic patterns of thunderstorm gust over the central and western Bohai Sea from 2018 to 2021. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and observation data from automatic meteorological stations, we also studied the characteristics and reference thresholds of physical quantities before the occurrence of widespread thunderstorms gust. The results indicate that the thunderstorm gust in the central and western Bohai Sea were mainly within the levels of 8 to 9, mostly occurred in the western and southern coastal areas of Bohai Sea, in June and July and in the early night. Among the thunderstorm gust events that lasted for 4 hours or more, the widespread thunderstorm gust events accounted for 86%. The synoptic systems at 500 hPa triggering thunderstorm gust were classified as the cold vortex type (46%), the high-level trough type (37%), the subtropical high edge type (12%), and the northwesterly flow type (5%). There was an obvious dry layer in the middle troposphere before the occurrence of widespread thunderstorm gust. When applying physical parameter thresholds for forecasting, the impact of synoptic systems and seasonal climate features needs to be considered.

Key words: Synoptic system, Thunderstorm gust, Physical parameter

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