主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.03.001

• 论文 • 上一篇    

中国避寒型气候评价指标体系构建及变化特征

赵珊珊, 王荣, 李莹, 叶殿秀   

  1. 国家气候中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-04-23 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 叶殿秀,女,正高级工程师,E-mail:ydx@cma.gov.cn。 E-mail:ydx@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:赵珊珊,女,1979年生,正高级工程师,主要从事气候与气候变化研究,E-mail:zhaoss@cma.gov.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41875120)资助。

Development and variation characteristics of an evaluation system for winter comfortable climate in China

ZHAO Shanshan, WANG Rong, LI Ying, YE Dianxiu   

  1. National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-04-23 Published:2025-09-29

摘要: 利用1961—2020年冬季(上一年12月至当年2月)中国2328个国家级气象站逐日观测资料,依据避寒型气候的内涵和特点,从气温、降水、风速、气候舒适度等7个方面选取13个评价指标构建了冬季及各月中国避寒型气候评价指标体系,定量评价了避寒型气候并分析了其时空变化特征。结果表明:中国避寒型气候主要分布在四川南部、云南、广西、广东、海南、福建等地,其中云南南部、广西南部、广东南部、福建南部和海南避寒气候条件非常好。1961—2020年,中国历年冬季及各月避寒型气候范围均呈显著增大趋势,尤其在20世纪90年代以后更显著;2月避寒型气候范围增加趋势的幅度最大。与1961—1990年相比,1991—2020年中国避寒型气候范围向北扩展,避寒气候条件变好,其中2月避寒气候条件改善更为明显。通过构建的中国避寒型气候评价指标体系,定量界定了冬季及其中各月不同等级的中国避寒型气候空间格局,从而为不同避寒需求人群的目的地选择以及避寒气候资源开发利用提供科学参考。

关键词: 避寒气候, 人体舒适度指数, 旅游气候指数, 评价指标体系

Abstract: Based on daily observation data from 2328 national meteorological stations in China during the winter (December of the previous year to February of the current year) from 1961 to 2020,an evaluation system for winter comfortable climate was developed.According to the connotation and characteristics of winter comfortable climate,13 indicators were selected from 7 aspects,such as temperature,precipitation,wind speed,and human comfortability,to quantitatively assess the winter comfortable climate and to analyze the spatial distribution and the characteristics of long-term change of winter comfortable climate in China.The results showed that winter comfortable climate in China are mainly distributed in southern Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hainan,and Fujian,with favorable conditions observed in southern Yunnan,southern Guangxi,southern Guangdong,southern Fujian,and Hainan.From 1961 to 2020,the extent and frequency of winter comfortable climates have shown a significant increasing trend,especially after the 1990s,with February exhibiting the greatest expansion.Compared with 1961-1990,the period 1991-2020 show a northward expansion of winter comfortable climate and an overall improvement in climate conditions,with the obvious notable enhancements in February.By constructing an evaluation system for winter resort climate in China,we quantitatively discovered the spatial distributions of different levels of winter resort climate in winter and its various months.This provides a scientific reference for destination selection and the development and utilization of winter resort climate resources in various regions over China.

Key words: Winter comfortable climate, Human comfort index, Tourism climate index, Evaluation system

中图分类号: