主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 24-30.doi:

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1873—2009年上海气温日较差变化及其影响因素分析

周宇1  史军1  孙国武1,2  董广涛1   

  1. 1.上海市气候中心，上海 200030；2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 出版日期:2012-02-28 发布日期:2012-02-28

Changes of diurnal temperature range and its influencing factors from 1873 to 2009 in Shanghai

ZHOU Yu1 SHI Jun1 SUN Guo-wu1,2 DONG Guang-tao1   

  1. 1. Shanghai Climate Center, Shanghai 200030, China；2. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Online:2012-02-28 Published:2012-02-28

PDF (PC)

1244

摘要： 利用1873—2009年上海11个气象站地面气象观测资料和1951—2009年北极涛动指数、1873—2000年西伯利亚高压强度等资料，分析了上海地区气温日较差的时间变化特征，以及大气环流异常变化、其他气象要素变化和城市化发展对气温日较差的影响。结果表明：过去137a，上海气温日较差呈显著减小趋势，减小幅度为0.15℃/10a。上海四季气温日较差也均呈现出显著下降趋势，其中秋季气温日较差下降幅度最大，冬季气温日较差下降幅度最小。近60a来，北极涛动指数表现出从负位相向正位相转变的趋势；而近130a来，西伯利亚高压强度表现出由正距平向负距平转变的趋势，这都导致最低气温的上升幅度大于最高气温的上升幅度，进而导致气温日较差的减小。在四季及全年，上海气温日较差的减小与日照时数的减少呈显著正相关，而与降水量的增加呈负相关。城市化对气温日较差的减小有明显影响。

关键词: 气温日较差, 最高气温, 最低气温, 北极涛动, 西伯利亚高压, 中国上海

Abstract: Based on the meteorological observation data from 11 weather stations from 1873 to 2009 in Shanghai, the arctic oscillation indices from 1951 to 2009 and the Siberian high intensity data from 1873 to 2000, the temporal changes of diurnal temperature range (DTR), the abnormal changes of atmospheric circulation, the changes of other meteorological elements and the effects of urbanization development on DTR were analyzed. The results indicate that the DTR decreases significantly in the past 137 years in Shanghai, and the rate is 0.15 ℃ per 10 years. The seasonal diurnal temperature ranges are also in decreasing trends. The maximum and minimum decreasing rates of diurnal temperature ranges occur in autumn and winter, respectively. The arctic oscillation indices change from the negative phase to the positive phase in recent 60 years, while the Siberian high intensity is from the positive anomaly to the negative anomaly in recent 130 years. As a result, the increasing amplitude of the minimum temperature is higher than that of the maximum temperature, which leads to decrease of DTR. The DTR is in a positive correlation with sunshine duration and in a negative correlation with precipitation in four seasons and the whole year. The effect of urbanization on the decrease of DTR is significant.

Key words: Diurnal temperature range (DTR), Maximum air temperature, Minimum air temperature, Arctic Oscillation, The Siberian high, Shanghai in China