中国长三角地区盛夏副热带高压触发局地对流天气分布及气象因子分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用红外云图亮温阈值法判断对流云团，统计分析2015—2019年中国长三角地区盛夏副热带高压(副高)控制下的局地对流天气时空分布。结果表明：副高触发的对流天气频次日变化为午后单峰型，对流天气的高频区位于大城市附近、江南丘陵地区以及水陆交界处，而江河湖面、峡谷和盆地较少。副高偏南型的对流天气高频区位于山区和沿海地区，其低层处于有利于下垫面加热的偏西风场；副高偏北型高频区位于内陆，其低层的东风降低了沿海地区的下垫面温度，对流触发频率较小。不同对流参数的统计表明，对流有效位能对局地对流天气的触发有较明显参考。沿海地区的副高偏南型对流有效位能略高于副高偏北型，内陆地区相反。副高偏南型各站的抬升指数和抬升凝结高度均较低，表明该类型天气的不稳定性较强。

关键词: 红外云图, 对流有效位能, 抬升指数, 抬升凝结高度

Abstract:

This paper statistically analyzed spatial-temporal distribution features of triggered local convective weather under the control of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in midsummer in the Yangtze Delta region from 2015 to 2019.The results show that the daily variation of the triggered local convection indicate a unimodal shape from noon to evening, and the high-frequency areas are located at the vicinity of large cities, the hilly areas, as well as the junction of water and land, but the convection rarely occurs over the rivers and lakes, canyons or basins.It is also found that high-frequency regions of the Southward type are mostly located in mountainous and coastal areas in the low-level westerly wind field, which is in favor to the surface heating.The high-frequency regions of the Northward type are located in inland, due to the low-level easterly wind weakening the surface heating and reducing the convection occurrence in the coastal area.The statistical analysis of the given convective parameters of two subtropical high types shows that the convective available potential energy (CAPE) value plays an obvious reference role in judging whether local convection is triggered.For coastal areas, the CAPE value of the Southward type is slightly higher than that of the Northward type, while it is opposite in inland areas.The lifting index (LI) and lifting condensation level (LCL) values of the Southward type are lower than that of the Northward type, reflecting intense stratification instability of the Southward type.

Key words: Infrared image, Convective available potential energy, Lifting index, Lifting condensation level

中图分类号:

P468

辛辰, 漆梁波, 储海. 中国长三角地区盛夏副热带高压触发局地对流天气分布及气象因子分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 57-64.

Chen XIN, Liangbo QI, Hai CHU. Analysis of the midsummer local convection distribution and weather factors under the control of the Western Pacific subtropical high in the Yangtze Delta region of China[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2023, 39(4): 57-64.

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站名	地形特征	触发特征
射阳站	北部沿海	类型Ⅰ易发生触发
南京站	内陆沿江地区	类型Ⅰ易发生触发
安庆站	山谷走廊	均不易发生触发
上海站	半岛	类型Ⅰ和类型Ⅱ均易触发，范围不同
杭州站	沿海	类型Ⅰ易发生触发
南昌站	西部沿湖地区	类型Ⅱ易触发

物理量	类型Ⅰ平均值		类型Ⅱ平均值
物理量	触发个例	未触发个例	触发个例	未触发个例
08时CAPE/(J·kg^-1)	2156	1242	1996	1244
11时CAPE/(J·kg^-1)	2956.2	1705.6	2733.1	1754.3
LCL/hPa	938	928	950	948
Tg/℃	35.7	36.6	34.2	32.1
LI/℃	-4.9	-3.4	-3.2	-2.0
BLI/℃	-4.2	-2.9	-2.9	-1.5
PW/mm	49.7	50.1	48.8	50.8

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