基于S波段和X波段雷达的浙江一次极端短时强降水特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用ERA5再分析资料、S波段双偏振雷达和X波段相控阵雷达观测数据及风场反演、闪电定位等资料,对2023年7月22日浙江省局地极端短时强降水特征进行分析。结果表明:过程发生在副高控制下,中层干冷空气侵入造成的不稳定层结以及低层大气的高能高湿是有利环境条件。初始线状对流在地面辐合线附近生成,中尺度对流系统结构经历了单线状对流—双线状对流连接增长—分离。差分反射率(Z_DR)和差分相移率(K_DP)柱的发展表征对流系统的发展加强,强降水发生时,水平极化反射率因子(Z_H)、Z_DR和K_DP质心迅速下降,雨强的大小与K_DP有重要对应关系,云闪和负地闪频次在强降水时段有明显跃增。倾斜上升和下沉气流的配置有利于对流系统的发展与维持,下沉气流与环境风的辐合有利于对流系统的后向传播,同时极端降水还与列车效应和深厚暖云层有关。

关键词: 极端短时强降水, 双偏振参量, 相控阵雷达, 风场反演, 后向传播

Abstract: Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,S-band dual-polarization radar and X-band dual-polarization phased array radar observation data,wind retrieval and lightning location data,the characteristics of local short-duration extreme heavy rainfall in Zhejiang on July 22,2023 were analyzed.Our results illustrate that: This event took place under the control of the subtropical high.The unstable stratification caused by the intrusion of cold dry air in the middle layer and the high energy and humidity in the lower layer provided the beneficial environment for the event.The initial linear convection occurred near the surface convergence line.The structure of the mesoscale convective system experienced from the single linear convection to the Connected double linear convection then to the separation.The development of Z_DR and K_DP columns indicate the strengthening of the convective system.When heavy rainfall occurs,the large areas of Z_H,Z_DR and K_DP decrease rapidly,and the variation of rainfall intensity is closely related to K_DP.The frequencies of cloud flash and negative ground flash significantly increase during heavy rainfall periods.The configuration of inclined updrafts and downdrafts is conducive to the development and maintenance of convective systems.The encounter of downdraft and ambient wind is benefit for the backward-propagation of convective system.Extreme heavy rainfall is also associated with the "train effect" and deep warm cloud layer.

Key words: Short-duration extreme rainfall, Dual polarization parameter, Phased array radar, wind retrieval, Backward propagation

中图分类号:

P458.2

钱卓蕾, 章超钦, 沈哲文, 赵驰宇. 基于S波段和X波段雷达的浙江一次极端短时强降水特征分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(4): 58-67.

QIAN Zhuolei, ZHANG Chaoqin, SHEN Zhewen, ZHAO Chiyu. Characteristics of a short-duration extreme heavy rainfall in Zhejiang Province based on S-band and X-band radar[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2025, 41(4): 58-67.

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