主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 65-72.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2024.05.008

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

微型智能气象站三类感温方式测温误差比较与分析

楚甜1,2(),王振超1,3,陈军明1,4,*(),花家嘉1,3,刘文忠5   

  1. 1. 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室, 河北雄安 071000
    2. 雄县气象局, 河北雄县 071899
    3. 河北雄安新区气象局, 河北雄安 071000
    4. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室, 北京 100081
    5. 河北省气象技术装备中心, 河北石家庄 050021
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06 出版日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2024-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈军明 E-mail:839848500@qq.com;chenjm@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:楚甜, 女, 1989年生, 工程师, 主要从事综合气象观测研究, E-mail: 839848500@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J070);中国气象局决策气象服务专项(JCZX2024003);河北省气象局科研开发项目(21kyd07)

Comparison and analysis of temperature measurement errors using three types of temperature sensing methods in micro-smart weather stations

Tian CHU1,2(),Zhenchao WANG1,3,Junming CHEN1,4,*(),Jiajia HUA1,3,Wenzhong LIU5   

  1. 1. China Meteorological Administration Xiongan Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory, Xiongan New Area 071000, China
    2. Xiongxian Meteorological Service, Xiongxian 071899, China
    3. Hebei Xiongan New Area Meteorological Service, Xiongan New Area 071000, China
    4. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    5. Hebei Meteorological Technology and Equipment Centre, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Received:2024-06-06 Online:2024-10-28 Published:2024-12-17
  • Contact: Junming CHEN E-mail:839848500@qq.com;chenjm@cma.gov.cn

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摘要：

为评估不同类型微型智能气象站(简称微智站)对温度的观测性能, 2023年1月1日08:00至12月31日23:59在河北雄安新区气象局开展了不同测温原理(铂电阻式、热敏电阻式和二极管式)微智站的对比观测试验。结果表明: 本次对比试验中, 年时间尺度上测温最接近标准站的微智站均为铂电阻式, 热敏电阻式微智站偏差最大; 在数据稳定性上, 铂电阻式微智站优于二极管式, 热敏电阻式微智站稳定性最差。年均测温误差偏大的微智站各月误差波动较为明显, 且波动与季节关系不大, 说明微智站测温整体误差主要来源于仪器本身。在极端气温下, 测温性能较好的微智站同样为铂电阻式; 微智站的测温值整体偏高; 热敏电阻式微智站在极端高温时表现最差; 热敏电阻式和二极管式微智站在极端低温时的测温性能优于极端高温。各微智站逐时气温平均误差变化趋势与太阳辐射趋势几乎一致, 说明测温误差的另一个主要来源可能为微智站防辐射硬件结构, 所以进行外场对比观测试验并根据结果优化硬件结构是提高微智站测温性能的有效途径, 并可为不同场景和需求的精细化热环境监测提供设备选型参考依据。

关键词: 微型智能气象站, 气温观测, 对比观测试验

Abstract:

To assess the temperature observation performance of different types of micro intelligent weather stations (micro smart stations), a comparative observational experiment was conducted from 08:00 on January 1 to 23:59 on December 31, 2023, at the Meteorological Service in Xiongan New Area, Hebei province.The stations employed differing temperature measurement principles (platinum resistance, thermistor, and diode). The results show that, on an annual time scale, the stations using platinum resistance closely matched the standard station temperatures, whereas the thermistor-based stations exhibited the largest deviations.In terms of data stability, platinum resistance stations outperformed those using diodes, with thermistor stations being the least stable.Stations with larger average annual temperature errors showed significant monthly fluctuations, which were not closely related to the seasons.It suggested that the primary source of overall temperature measurement errors in micro smart stations stems from the instruments themselves.Under extreme temperature conditions, the best-performing stations were again those using platinum resistance; overall, the temperature readings from all micro smart stations tended to be higher; thermistor stations performed the worst under extreme high temperatures; thermistor and diode stations had better temperature measurement performance under extreme low temperatures compared to high temperatures. The hourly average temperature error trends of each station nearly mirrored the trends in solar radiation, indicating that another major source of temperature measurement errors may be the radiation shielding hardware structure of the micro smart stations.Therefore, conducting field comparative experiments and optimizing the hardware structure based on the results is an effective way to enhance the temperature measurement performance of micro smart stations and can provide a reference for equipment selection in different scenarios and needs for refined thermal environment monitoring.

Key words: Micro intelligent weather stations, Temperature observation, Comparative observational experiment

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