主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 11-18.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.03.002

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽宁开原强龙卷的卫星云图和雷达回波演变特征分析

贾旭轩1(),李得勤2,冯呈呈1,张立鹏1   

  1. 1. 大连市气象台, 辽宁 大连 116001
    2. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-08 出版日期:2022-06-28 发布日期:2022-07-23
  • 作者简介:贾旭轩, 男, 1984年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事灾害性天气机理研究, E-mail: jiaxxmail@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-025);环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM201711);环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM201708);环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM202011)

Analysis of the satellite image and radar echo features of the strong tornado in Kaiyuan of Liaoning province

Xu-xuan JIA1(),De-qin LI2,Cheng-cheng FENG1,Li-peng ZHANG1   

  1. 1. Dalian Meteorological Observatory, Dalian 116001, China
    2. Institute of Atmosphere Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2020-10-08 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-07-23

摘要:

利用葵花8号(Himawari-8)卫星资料、沈阳SC天气雷达数据、ERA5再分析资料及常规天气观测资料, 分析了2019年7月3日辽宁开原强龙卷的卫星云图、雷达回波演变及大气环流特征。结果表明: 此次开原强龙卷发生在东北冷涡底部, 低层850 hPa有明显的暖湿气流, 形成了“下湿上干”的垂直结构。3日17:00龙卷初生地0—6 km有22.8 m·s-1、0—1 km有7.6 m·s-1强垂直风切变。龙卷生成之前, 初生地西侧比东侧气温偏高, 存在2—5 ℃地面温度差。生成后, 移动路径东侧形成明显冷池, 最低温度19 ℃, 与西侧温差最大达11 ℃。龙卷生成时可见光云图上对流风暴的云砧水平尺度明显增大, 云顶升高、亮温降低。雷达回波演变特征表明, 龙卷对流风暴的发展经历了由多单体非强风暴发展到多单体强风暴再发展到超级单体风暴三个阶段, 龙卷在最强等级时有对流单体的合并。开原龙卷风暴在三个阶段都有中气旋, 17:11中气旋向下伸展到低层, 反射率因子出现指状回波。

关键词: 冷池, 超级单体, 合并, 中气旋

Abstract:

Based on Himawari-8 satellite data, SC weather radar data in Shenyang, ERA5 reanalysis data, and weather observations, the features of the satellite image, radar echo, and atmospheric circulation of the strong tornado in Kaiyuan of Liaoning province on July 3, 2019 were analyzed.The results show that this strong tornado occurs at the bottom of the northeastern cold vortex.At 850 hPa, the lower layer has warm and humid airflow, forming a vertical structure with wet bottom and dry top.At 17:00, there is a vertical wind shear of 22.8 m·s-1 at 0—6 km and of 7.6 m·s-1 at 0—1 km where the tornado is born.Before the tornado appears, the temperature on the western side of the birthplace is higher than that on the eastern side.There is a ground temperature difference of 2—5 ℃.When the tornado is generated, an obvious cold pool is formed on the eastern side of the tornado's moving path.The lowest temperature is 19 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference on the western side is 11 ℃.When the tornado is generated, the horizontal scale of the cloud anvil of the convective storm on the visible light cloud chart increases significantly.The cloud top rises and the brightness temperature decreases.The evolution characteristics of radar reflectivity show that the development of tornado convective storms has experienced three stages, i.e., from multi-cell non-strong storms to multi-cell strong storms and then to supercell storms.Convective cells merge when the tornado reaches the strongest level.This tornado storm has a mesocyclone in all three stages.At 17:11, the mesocyclone extends down to the lower level, and the reflectivity factor appears as a finger echo.

Key words: Cold Pool, Super Cell, Merger, Mesocyclone

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