2017—2020年福建省冰雹和短时强降水云三维闪电特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用VLF/LF（ADTD_2C）三维闪电监测资料和双偏振雷达资料，对2017—2020年福建省31个冰雹、32个短时强降水单体闪电特征进行统计分析。结果表明：福建省多数冰雹云单体降雹前闪电频数超过50次/6 min，而强降水单体超过50次/6 min的较少；冰雹单体正地闪和正云闪比率较高，强降水单体则较低。80%冰雹单体闪电频数峰值较降雹时间提前3~25 min，并在降雹前出现总闪频数跃增，递增率多数大于4次/min。超过1/2的强降水单体，其闪电频数峰值时间较降水峰值提前2~35 min，闪电频数在降水峰值前增大，递增率多数小于4次/min。两类单体成熟阶段的云闪频数最高，云闪主要集中分布在2~6 km高度层。冰雹单体中，融化层以下为冰雹和大雨粒子组成的低层，以上为冰雹和霰组成的高层；强降水单体中，融化层以下为大雨粒子组成的低层，以上为冰晶、过冷水滴组成的高层。闪电频数与强回波中心高度和强回波伸展高度均为正相关，对流发展高度越高，冰相过程越显著，闪电活动越强。

关键词: 闪电频数, 短时强降水, 三维闪电

Abstract:

To understand the evolution characteristics and cloud physical mechanism of lightning for hail and heavy rain clouds, using VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning monitoring data, combined with S-band dual polarization radar and ground observation data, statistical and comparative analysis methods were used to analyze the characteristics of individual lightning for 31 hails and 32 short-term heavy rains.The characteristics of single lightning, dual polarization radar echo and the correlation between lightning and convective development height were analyzed and compared in detail.The results show that more than two-thirds of the hail samples with lightning frequency are more than 50 times/6 min before hails fall.The ratio of positive ground lightning and positive cloud lightning of a hail monomer is high, while that of mostly heavy precipitation monomer is very low.The peak value of lightning frequency of 80% individual hail is 2~25 minutes ahead of the time of hails fall.The total lightning frequency of most individual hail rises sharply before hails fall, and the increasing rate of frequency is more than 4 times/min.The peak value of single lightning frequency is 2~35 minutes ahead of the precipitation peak value in more than half of the heavy rainfall, and the lightning frequency increases before the precipitation peak value in most single precipitation, and the increasing rate of lightning frequency is mostly below 4 times/min.The cloud flash frequency of the two types of monomers in the mature stage is the highest among the three stages.The cloud flash in the three stages is concentrated in the layer of 2~6 km height.In the hail monomer, the lower layer below the melting layer is composed of hail and heavy rain particles, and the upper layer is composed of hail and graupel.In the heavy rain monomer, the lower layer below the melting layer is composed of heavy rain particles, and the upper layer is composed of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets.The higher the convective height is, the more obvious the ice phase process is and the stronger the lightning activity is.In this study, lightning data and dual polarization radar parameters were combined to provide a reference for the identification and early warning of different types of severe convective weather and lightning.

Key words: Lightning frequency, Short-term heavy rainfall, 3D lightning

中图分类号:

P427.3/P468

阮悦,冯晋勤,李婷婷,陈秋萍. 2017—2020年福建省冰雹和短时强降水云三维闪电特征分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 147-154.

Yue RUAN,Jinqin FENG,Tingting LI,Qiuping CHEN. Analysis of three-dimensional lightning of hail and short-term heavy rainfall in Fujian province from 2017 to 2020[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2023, 39(4): 147-154.

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阶段	地闪/次	云闪/次	总闪/次	正地闪占地闪比	正云闪占云闪比	H_T/km	$ \frac{H_{60}}{H_{55}} $/km	强度/dBz
发展	102/0	65/0	167/0	0.35/—	0.06/—	4.3/3.9	5.0/5.6	62.8/58.0
成熟	2037/35	715/43	2752/78	0.350/0.114	0.290/0.046	6.0/4.2	9.1/5.8	71.8/58.6
消亡	396/2	163/0	559/2	0.30/0	0.31/—	3.4/1.0	5.1/1.8	58.0/56.2

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