主办单位：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号：ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号：CN 21-1531/P
气象与环境学报

气象与环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 37-46.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2024.01.005

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

京津冀暖季短时强降水环境特征对比分析

申莉莉1,2,3(),李江波1,2,4,*(),王秀明5,钟琦5,李文晴1,2,6,孙卓1,2,4   

  1. 1. 河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室, 河北石家庄 050021
    2. 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室, 雄安新区 071800
    3. 河北省气象灾害防御和环境气象中心, 河北石家庄 050021
    4. 河北省气象台, 河北石家庄 050021
    5. 中国气象局气象干部培训学院, 北京 100081
    6. 河北省气象服务中心, 河北石家庄 050021
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 李江波 E-mail:shenlily999@126.com;ljbwave@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:申莉莉，女，1983年生，高级工程师，主要从事灾害性天气气象服务和防御技术研究，E-mail: shenlily999@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J012);河北省气象局灾害性天气机理研究创新团队、环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM202006);中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2023-170);河北省重点研发计划项目(23375401D)

Comparative analysis of the environmental characteristics of short-duration heavy rainfall in the warm season in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Lili SHEN1,2,3(),Jiangbo LI1,2,4,*(),Xiuming WANG5,Qi ZHONG5,Wenqing LI1,2,6,Zhuo SUN1,2,4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    2. Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory, CMA, Xiong'an 071800, China
    3. Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Environment Meteorological Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    4. Hebei Meteorological Observatory, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    5. China Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081, China
    6. Public Meteorological Service Centre of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Received:2023-09-13 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-03-25
  • Contact: Jiangbo LI E-mail:shenlily999@126.com;ljbwave@aliyun.com

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摘要：

利用2013—2021年暖季(6—9月)京津冀地区逐时降水资料和ERA5再分析资料，根据天气形势对短时强降水进行天气学分型，统计短时强降水发生的时空特征，对比动力、水汽和热力不稳定条件等环境要素特征。结果表明：短时强降水以冷涡型和副高型为主，占到55%，且主要发生在7月中下旬到8月上中旬，强降水主要集中在下午到前半夜。对比发现，不同类型短时强降水空间分布特征区别明显，分型合理；各类型大多表现为低层辐合和高层辐散，西南涡型动力强度表现最强，且随降水临近是增加的，弱天气强迫型在降水前各个时段动力表现最弱；副高型、台风型和西南涡型水汽最为充沛，副高型925 hPa比湿中位数达到19.14 g·kg-1，西南涡型在高低层相对湿度均较大，低层平均相对湿度中位数达到87%，弱天气强迫型相对较差，为74%，各类型整层大气可降水量在降水前随时间基本是增加的；弱天气强迫型的热力不稳定性最为突出，850 hPa和500 hPa温度差中位数最大为25.74 ℃，西南涡型最小，除弱天气强迫型外，各类型热力条件随时间是减弱的。

关键词: 短时强降水, 分型, 环境条件

Abstract:

Based on the hourly precipitation data and the fifth-generation European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis(ERA5) data in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the warm season (June-September) from 2013 to 2021, the temporal and spatial characteristics were statistically analyzed. The evolution characteristics of environmental factors such as dynamic, water vapor, and thermal instability conditions of different synoptic patterns were compared and analyzed. The results show that the Subtropical High (SH) pattern and the Cold Vortex (CV) pattern are the main types of short-duration heavy rainfall, accounting for 55%. The short-duration heavy rainfall mainly occurs from the middle and late July to the early and middle August and concentrates from the afternoon to the midnight.Comparably, the rain distribution differences are obvious.Pattern parting is reasonable.Mostly for low-level convergence and high-level divergence, the Southwest Vortex (SV) pattern are the most prominent, and increase with approaching precipitation, while the Weak Weather (WW) pattern is the smallest in all stages. The water vapor of the SH pattern, the Typhoon Wind (TW) pattern and the SV pattern are the most abundant, median specific humidity on 925 hPa is 19.14 g·kg-1 for SH pattern. The SV pattern has the highest saturation in high and low layers, and the average of median relative humidity reaches 87% in low layers. The WW pattern is relatively low of 74%. The precipitable water vapor of almost all patterns increases with the approaching precipitation. The thermal instability of the WW patter is the strongest, and the median temperature difference on 825 hPa and 500 hPa reaches 25.74℃, while the SV pattern is the weakest. The thermal condition of each type weakens over time except for the WW pattern.

Key words: Short-duration heavy rainfall, Typing, Environmental conditions

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