黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.01.009

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 74-83.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.01.009

黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究

姜丽霞^1,2, 王晾晾^1,2, 岳元³, 赵放⁴, 陈可心⁵, 李秀芬^1,2, 王秋京^1,2, 纪仰慧^1,2

1. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030;
2. 五营国家气候观象台, 黑龙江伊春 153000;
3. 吉林省气象台, 吉林长春 130062;
4. 哈尔滨市气象局, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150028;
5. 黑龙江省气象台, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期:2023-05-18 修回日期:2023-09-14 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-02-28
作者简介:姜丽霞,女,1972年生,正高级工程师,主要从事应用气象、气候资源和气候变化的相关研究,E-mail:hljjlx@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300201)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022D025)和中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J054)共同资助。

Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province

JIANG Lixia^1,2, WANG Liangliang^1,2, YUE Yuan³, ZHAO Fang⁴, CHEN Kexin⁵, LI Xiufen^1,2, WANG Qiujing^1,2, JI Yanghui^1,2

1. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China;
2. Wuying National Climatological Observatory, Yichun 153000, China;
3. Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China;
4. Harbin Meteorological Service, Harbin 150028, China;
5. Meteorological Observatory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China

Received:2023-05-18 Revised:2023-09-14 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1981—2021年黑龙江省玉米主产区气象数据、玉米发育期及单产资料,选取气温和土壤水分2个要素,构建玉米播种期平均气温和0～10 cm土层旬土壤相对湿度序列,基于样本序列分布拟合的偏度、峰度检验法,采用置信区间估计方法构建黑龙江省玉米主产区玉米适宜播种气温和土壤水分指标,预留独立玉米播种样本进行验证,并分析不同播期产量差异。结果表明:研究区2012年、2014年、2016年玉米播期气象条件较好,2010年和2013年较差;所建指标能较好指示黑龙江省玉米播种气温和土壤水分适宜程度,玉米播种气温处于适宜、较适宜范围内的吻合率分别为76.6%、12.3%,土壤相对湿度分别为37.0%、45.6%;不同播期玉米产量存在不同程度差异,在于不同年份玉米全生育期内不同时期气象条件存在相互补偿机制,播种后出苗时间较长年份与较短的相邻年份相比,产量平均下降14.5%;2010年、2013年播种期气温和水分条件同时不适宜或者二者之一不适宜可能是导致玉米迟播的主要原因,与正常播种年份相比,代表站点产量下降4.4%～27.5%;播种期低温干旱、低温渍涝型等气温和水分条件不适宜玉米播种,影响玉米播后快速出苗,并易引起产量下降。

关键词: 玉米, 播种, 气温, 土壤水分, 产量差异

Abstract: Based on meteorological data,maize development period records and unit yield information from the primary maize producing areas in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2021,this study selected temperature and soil moisture as the key variables to construct the daily mean temperature and the relative soil moisture of ten days in 0~10 cm soil layer series for maize sowing.Based on the skewness-kurtosis test method of sample series distribution fitting,the suitable temperature and the relative soil moisture indicators were constructed by using the confidence interval estimation method for maize sowing in different regions of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang Province.An independent maize sowing samples was reserved for validation and yield differences associated with varying sowing dates were further analyzed.The results show that the meteorological conditions are favorable in 2012,2014,and 2016,but unfavorable in 2010 and 2013 during the maize sowing period.The developed indicators effectively capture the suitability of temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province.The indicators verify that the coincidence rates of the temperature for maize sowing are 76.6% and 12.3%,and the relative soil moisture are 37.0% and 45.6% within the appropriate and more appropriate ranges.There are significant variations in maize yield among different sowing dates,because there is a mutual compensatory mechanism for meteorological conditions throughout the growth period of maize in different years.Compared to adjacent years of shorter emergence time,the average yield decreases by 14.5% in years of longer emergence time after sowing.The main reason for the delayed sowing of maize is that the temperature and water conditions are both not suitable,or either is not suitable,during the sowing periods in 2010 and 2013,compared with normal sowing years,the yield reduction of 4.4% to 27.5% at representative stations.The temperature and soil moisture conditions such as low temperature and drought,low temperature and waterlogging during the sowing period are not suitable for maize sowing,which affect the rapid emergence of maize after sowing and could easily lead to reduced yields.

Key words: Maize, Sowing, Temperature, Soil moisture, Yield differences

中图分类号:

S162.1

姜丽霞, 王晾晾, 岳元, 赵放, 陈可心, 李秀芬, 王秋京, 纪仰慧. 黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(1): 74-83.

JIANG Lixia, WANG Liangliang, YUE Yuan, ZHAO Fang, CHEN Kexin, LI Xiufen, WANG Qiujing, JI Yanghui. Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2025, 41(1): 74-83.

参考文献

[1] 唐庆海,赵庆城,马淑英.我国机械播种技术与播种机械发展概况与趋势[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1994,8(3):59-65.
[2] 曹钟洋,刘良武,周精华,等.播期和整地方式对湖南玉米机械播种的影响[J].作物研究,2021,35(4):297-301.
[3] 马树庆,王琪,于海,等.东北地区玉米出苗速度与水热条件的关系及出苗期气象评估[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2049-2055.
[4] 韩毅强,高亚梅,郑殿峰,等.利用播期研究气候条件对黑龙江春玉米产量性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):132-138.
[5] Rahman M M,Ahammad K U,Ahmed M.Effect of seed priming on maize (Zea mays L.) seedling emergence under different sowing dates[J].Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research,2014,39(4):693-707.
[6] 高永刚,高明,赵慧颖,等.播期对玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2020,36(30):19-27.
[7] Lin Y M,Wu W X,Ge Q S.CERES-Maize model-based simulation of climate change impacts on maize yields and potential adaptive measures in Heilongjiang province,China[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015,95(14):2838-2849.
[8] 秦大河,Stocker T.IPCC第五次评估报告第一工作组报告的两点结论[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):1-6.
[9] Ding Y H.Sustainable management and action in China under the increasing risks of global climate change[J].Engineering,2018,4(3):301-305.
[10] 马梁臣,刘海峰,沈柏竹,等.2019年台风“利奇马”和“罗莎”引发东北地区暴雨的水汽特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2023,39(2):1-10.
[11] 商蒙非,石晓宇,赵炯超,等.气候变化背景下中国不同区域玉米生育期高温胁迫时空变化特征[J].作物学报,2023,49(1):167-176.
[12] Kassie B T,Van Ittersum M K,Hengsdijk H,et al.Climate-induced yield variability and yield gaps of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia[J].Field Crops Research,2014,160:41-53.
[13] Li F D,Leng P F,Zhang Q Y,et al.Understanding agriculture production and food security in Ethiopia from the perspective of China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2018,9(3):237-249.
[14] 陈凯奇,李建平,谢铁军,等.太平洋海温三极子对中国东北地区春玉米气候产量的影响[J].气象与环境学报,2022,38(5):72-80.
[15] 姜丽霞,李树岭,张雪梅,等.黑龙江省玉米干旱与低温冷害复合发生的温水特征及产量分析[J].灾害学,2022,37(2):29-35.
[16] 方缘,陈妮娜,姜鹏,等.基于WOFOST模型的辽西地区典型旱年不同播期玉米干旱损失评估[J].气象与环境学报,2022,38(4):93-101.
[17] Verma N K.Integrated nutrient management in winter maize (Zea mays L.) sown at different dates[J].Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science,2011,3(8):161-167.
[18] 靳英华,周道玮,秦丽杰.适应气候变化的吉林省半干旱区玉米播种期[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2795-2802.
[19] Solaimalai A,Arunkumar N,Jeyakumar M,et al.Effect of dates of sowing and integrated nutrient management practices on growth,yield attributes and yield of hybrid maize under rainfed vertisol of Tamil Nadu[J].Advances in Life Sciences,2016,5(9):3456-3460.
[20] Harlapur S I,Kulkarni M S,Kulkarni S,et al.Effect of sowing date and weather parameters on turcicum leaf blight severity and yield in maize[J].Indian Phytopathology,2007,60(2):187-190.
[21] Zhou B Y,Yue Y,Sun X F,et al.Maize kernel weight responses to sowing date-associated variation in weather conditions[J].The Crop Journal,2017,5(1):43-51.
[22] 姜丽霞,王晾晾,杜春英,等.1971—2014年黑龙江省春季气温演变特征及对作物播种期的影响[J].资源科学,2015,37(4):849-857.
[23] 钱锦霞,李芬,奚玉香.影响山西春玉米适时播种的气象条件变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(3):246-249.
[24] Li J,Li R P,Huang Y,et al.Variation in the meteorological conditions on the date of sowing in spring and its effects on the sowing of maize in Liaoning province during 1981-2014[J].Austin Food Sciences,2016,1(4):1020.
[25] 张健,李永生.中高纬环流因子与黑龙江省初夏气候异常分析[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):63-67.
[26] 房一禾,赵春雨,李杨,等.东北冷涡气候研究进展及展望[J].气象与环境学报,2022,38(1):92-99.
[27] 宋臻,史兴民.雨养农业区农户的气候变化适应行为及影响因素路径分析[J].地理科学进展,2020,39(3):461-473.
[28] 赵秀兰,姜艳.东北地区2013年低温春涝气候特征及对春耕春播影响分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2018,49(3):50-57.
[29] 杨建莹,霍治国,吴立,等.西南地区水稻洪涝等级评价指标构建及风险分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):135-144.
[30] 霍治国,李世奎,王素艳,等.主要农业气象灾害风险评估技术及其应用研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(6):692-703.
[31] 于振凡,丁文兴,陈敏,等.数据的统计处理和解释正态样本离群值的判断和处理:GB/T 4883-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-14.
[32] 陈学君,胡文超,杨瑜峰,等.甘肃降水量正态性分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(1):107-112.
[33] 闫平,季生太,姜丽霞,等.玉米适宜播种温度等级:DB23/T 2723-2020[S].哈尔滨:黑龙江省市场监督管理局,2020:1-8.
[34] 李秀芬,马树庆,姜丽霞,等.北方春玉米干旱等级:QX/T 259-2015[S].北京:中国气象出版社,2015:1-8.
[35] 李帅,杜春英.黑龙江农业气象应用服务手册[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2013:21-37.
[36] Janowiak,F A.Markowski.Effect of chilling on germination,growth,survival and membrane permeability in seedlings of different breeding forms of maize (Zea mays L.)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,1987,9(2):77-87.
[37] 刘建凤.不同类型玉米种子萌芽与出苗特性的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2004.
[38] 刘禹辰.低温对不同品种玉米种子萌发的影响及化控效果研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2018.

黑龙江省玉米播种适宜气温和水分条件特征研究

Study on the suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions for maize sowing in Heilongjiang province

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10

[1]	张艳晴, 金晨曦, 闵晶晶, 韩超, 董颜, 齐晨. 基于机器学习的北京供暖季气温预报误差订正[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(1): 58-65.
[2]	李党红, 付亚南, 张凯, 赵春雨, 李岚, 邹倩倩. 适用于公众气象服务的辽宁季节划分标准研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(1): 90-96.
[3]	张兵兵,吕晓,高莉莉,高全,吴航,梁涛,鲁宇超,张方敏,蔡福. 辽西地区玉米农田土壤水分消退特征及其预测模型研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(6): 62-69.
[4]	曹经福,赵玥,王卉,吴蔚,李明财. 1961—2020年上海市冬季空调室外计算气象参数变化及其对空调热负荷和碳排放量的影响[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(6): 98-105.
[5]	楚甜,王振超,陈军明,花家嘉,刘文忠. 微型智能气象站三类感温方式测温误差比较与分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(5): 65-72.
[6]	曲学斌,李丹,田野,赵岳冀,张岚彪,董越. 2001—2021年呼伦贝尔地区净生态系统生产力分布及其与气温和降水的关系[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(4): 100-106.
[7]	宋扬,王冀,冯璞玉,徐丽萍,王凤,张伟,唐夕茹,王玢. 基于ETCCDI指数的京津冀地区极端气候事件特征及影响分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(3): 97-105.
[8]	刘火胜,昝嘉惠,成雅田,余乾慧,吴昌广. 2022年夏季武汉市三类空间气温时空变化分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 51-58.
[9]	成林,韩耀杰,胡程达. 河南省冬小麦籽粒质量评价的气象指标分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 69-76.
[10]	王苗, 秦鹏程, 佘晨旭, 赵小芳, 杨明伟. 基于CMIP6多模式集合的华中地区气候变化模拟与预估[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(6): 51-60.
[11]	贾晓红,李琦. 京藏高速呼集段道路结冰期CLDAS气温适用性及其在交通风险预警中的应用[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(6): 96-104.
[12]	姜珊, 张淑杰, 张菁, 董秋婷, 宋晓巍, 赵璇, 于璐, 杨黎黎. 基于SPI和SPEI指数的辽宁省大豆生长季干旱时空变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 130-137.
[13]	童俊,孟旭芹,赵亮,张晓辉,彭九慧,李婷. 1991—2020年河北省倒春寒时空特征及气象指标分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 162-168.
[14]	陈妮娜,吕慧捷,张益瑞,李国会,米娜,张淑杰,李思语,张玉书. 干旱程度和施氮水平对春玉米叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(3): 106-116.
[15]	陈农,张又方,袁湘玲,闫敏慧,张晶,张金峰,高玲,袁芃宇. 黑龙江省板蓝根适宜播种期气象指标研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2023, 39(3): 117-123.