辽宁省滑雪气象条件的特征及变化趋势

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.01.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the data of 61 national surface meteorological observation stations in Liaoning province from 1961 to 2020, the characteristics and long-term trend of meteorological conditions suitable for ski resort construction and ski sports were analyzed.The results showed that the annual number of freezing days (with a daily maximum air temperature of less than 0 ℃) in the central, northern and eastern parts of Liaoning province is more than 60 d, which meets the temperature standard for the construction of high-level ski resorts.The annual average snowfall in the central and eastern parts of Liaoning province exceeds 20 mm, and the snow depth exceeds 10 cm, which is the most suitable area for the construction of ski resorts in Liaoning province.Through comprehensive analysis of meteorological factors that have the most significant impacts on skiing, such as wind force, temperature, and snowfall days, it is found that the number of days with a ski meteorological index above level 2 is the highest in the central and eastern regions of Liaoning province, exceeding 120 d.These areas are the most suitable areas for skiing sports in Liaoning province.Among them, the Fushun area has great advantages in the development of skiing events, which is conducive to hosting the snow events of the National Winter Games.The long-term trends of skiing meteorological conditions show that the number of freezing days has decreased significantly, the annual snowfall and annual maximum snow depth have slightly decreased, and the most suitable areas for ski resorts have decreased.While the number of days with a skiing meteorological index above level 2 has increased 12.2 d, the area suitable for skiing is expanding westward, and the meteorological conditions are more conducive to the development of skiing.Meteorological indicators related to temperature and wind speed are the main factors for the long-term trend of skiing meteorological conditions.Meanwhile, the central and eastern regions of Liaoning province have favorable meteorological conditions and have advantages in terrain, economy, transportation, etc., which will provide a good foundation for the development of high-quality ice and snow sports, and cultural tourism industries.

Key words: Skiing sport, Meteorological condition, Ski meteorlogical index, Climate change

CLC Number:

P463.25

Yu-tong JIANG, Li-yong XIE, Shi-bo GAO, Li-jie YU. Characteristics and variation trend of ski meteorological conditions in Liaoning province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2023, 39(1): 65-72.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 4

Fig.5

Table 5

References 31

1	中国旅游研究院. 中国冰雪旅游发展报告(2022)[R]. 北京: 中国旅游研究院, 2022.
2	孙双明, 刘波, 郭振, 等. 改革开放以来中国滑雪场空间分布特征演变及影响因素研究[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报, 2019, 38 (6): 8- 15.
3	许启慧, 范引琪, 于长文, 等. 滑雪场建设气候条件分析[J]. 气象科技, 2014, 42 (5): 938- 944.
4	王秀荣, 赵嵘, 于涵, 等. 理论雪期和滑雪气候适宜度评价: 以长白山滑雪场为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31 (4): 1259- 1266.
5	杨尚英. 旅游气象气候学[M]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学出版社, 2007: 1- 13.
6	刘耀龙, 张华明, 黄晓丽, 等. 山西省冰雪运动气候适宜性评价[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37 (1): 173- 179.
7	Olefs M , Fischer A , Lang J . Boundary conditions for artificial snow production in the Austrian Alps[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2010, 49 (6): 1096- 1113. doi: 10.1175/2010JAMC2251.1
8	李淑娟, 毛炜峄, 陈静, 等. 北疆冰雪运动气候适宜性及其变化特征[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2021, 17 (5): 537- 547.
9	王金伟, 郭嘉欣, 刘乙, 等. 中国滑雪场空间分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41 (2): 390- 405.
10	辽宁省人民政府. 辽宁省国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标纲要[EB/OL]. (2021-06-28)[2021-06-28]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fggz/fzzlgh/dffzgh/202106/t20210628_1284321.html?code=&state=123
11	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 体育场所开放条件与技术要求第6部分: 滑雪场所: GB 19079.6-2013[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014.
12	中华人民共和国国家旅游局. 旅游滑雪场质量等级划分: LB/T 037-2014[S]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2014.
13	中国气象局. 滑雪气象指数: QX/T 386-2017[S]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2017.
14	Peterson T C , Manton M J . Monitoring changes in climate extremes: a tale of international collaboration[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2008, 89 (9): 1266- 1271. doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2501.1
15	Witmer U . Erfassung, bearbeitung und kartierung von schneedaten in der schweiz[M]. Bern: Geographical Institiute, University of Bern, 1986: 1- 215.
16	杨建明, 万春燕. 全球气候变化对冬季滑雪旅游的影响[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2010, 6 (5): 356- 361.
17	赵哲, 常晓宇. 浅谈滑雪场建设项目环境影响评价[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2007, 23 (9): 177- 179. 177-179, 102
18	孙秀忠, 罗勇, 张霞, 等. 近46年来我国降雪变化特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2010, 29 (6): 1594- 1601.
19	张志富, 希爽, 刘娜, 等. 1961—2012年中国降雪时空变化特征分析[J]. 资源科学, 2015, 37 (9): 1765- 1773.
20	高锋, 谢勇, 朴美花, 等. 气象条件与滑雪运动的关系研究[J]. 气象灾害防御, 2017, 24 (1): 21- 25.
21	杨琨, 薛建军. 使用加密降雪资料分析降雪量和积雪深度关系[J]. 应用气象学报, 2013, 24 (3): 349- 355.
22	中国气象局. 地面气象观测规范[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2003.
23	周晓宇, 赵春雨, 李娜, 等. 东北地区积雪变化及对气候变化的响应[J]. 高原气象, 2021, 40 (4): 875- 886.
24	范帅邦, 肖春柳, 曹永强, 等. 1964—2019年辽宁省平均风速时空演变特征及其影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41 (4): 717- 727.
25	赵露露. 辽宁省地表风速变化特征及影响因素分析[D]. 大连: 辽宁省师范大学, 2016.
26	王世金, 徐新武, 邓婕, 等. 中国滑雪旅游目的地空间格局、存在问题及其发展对策[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39 (4): 902- 909.
27	IPCC. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis[R]. Geneva: IPCC, 2021.
28	敖雪, 翟晴飞, 崔妍, 等. 东北地区气候变化CMIP5模式预估[J]. 气象科技, 2017, 45 (2): 298- 306, 312.
29	敖雪, 翟晴飞, 崔妍, 等. 不同升温情景下中国东北地区平均气候和极端气候事件变化预估[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2020, 36 (5): 40- 51.
30	敖雪, 赵春雨, 崔妍, 等. 中国东北地区气温变化的模拟评估与未来情景预估[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37 (1): 33- 42.
31	李倩, 张婉莹, 林毅, 等. 1961—2020年辽宁省暖冬现象气候特征分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2020, 36 (6): 68- 73.

旅游滑雪场等级	雪量厚度S/cm	年结冰日数/d
SSSSS	S≥30	T_d≥60
SSSS	S≥30	T_d≥60
SSS	S≥20	T_d≥50
SS	S≥15	T_d≥40
S	S≥10	T_d≥35

滑雪影响等级	降雪量等级	风力等级f/(m·s^-1)	最高气温T_m/℃
1级(非常适宜)	无降雪	f≤2级	-12≤T_m＜2
2级(适宜)	小雪	2级＜f≤3级	-16≤T_m＜-12或2≤T_m＜10
3级(不适宜)	中雪	3＜f≤5级	-20≤T_m＜-16
4级(非常不适宜)	大雪及以上	f＞5级	T_m≤-20

年代	年降雪量/mm	年结冰日数/d	年平均最大积雪深度/cm
20世纪60年代	21.0	70.8	10.5
20世纪70年代	20.7	62.6	8.1
20世纪80年代	22.0	60.2	9.9
20世纪90年代	20.6	56.8	10.5
20世纪00年代	19.7	58.5	10.3
21世纪10年代	18.7	57.0	8.0
每10 a变化速率	-0.19	-2.27^**	-0.11

滑雪气象指数	1级日数/d	2级日数/d	3级日数/d	4级日数/d
20世纪60年代	45.1	61.4	23.4	2.6
20世纪70年代	43.0	68.9	18.8	1.4
20世纪80年代	48.3	70.7	12.8	1.3
20世纪90年代	48.0	69.8	11.0	1.1
20世纪00年代	52.4	69.4	7.2	1.0
21世纪10年代	52.8	65.9	5.8	0.8
变化速率/(d/10 a)	1.79^**	0.61	-3.49^**	-0.28^**

滑雪气象指数1级		滑雪气象指数2级		滑雪气象指数3级		滑雪气象指数4级
指标	速率	指标	速率	指标	速率	指标	速率
无降雪日数	0.32 d·(10 a)^-1	小雪日数	-0.34 d·(10 a)^-1	中雪日数	0.01 d·(10 a)^-1	大雪及以上日数	0.02 d·(10 a)^-1
-12≤T_m＜2℃日数	-1.81 d·(10 a)^-1^*	-16≤T_m＜-12℃2≤T_m＜10℃日数	0.27d·(10 a)^-10.79d·(10 a)^-1	-20≤T_m＜-16℃	-0.06 d·(10 a)^-1	T_m≤-20℃	0.01d·(10 a)^-1
风力1级	6.72 d·(10 a)^-1^**	风力2级	-2.24 d·(10 a)^-1^**	风力3级	-4.15 d·(10 a)^-1^**	风力4级	-0.36d·(10 a)^-1^**

Characteristics and variation trend of ski meteorological conditions in Liaoning province

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 31

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 10

[1]	Zhen-fei TANG,Ting YANG,Xiao-chen CHEN,Xin-xin LI,Xin LIN,Fen HE,Zhen-zhi WEN. Simulation and prediction of future extreme precipitation in Fujian province under SSPs scenarios [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2023, 39(1): 26-36.
[2]	Shu ZHANG,Lin-jing QUE,Ying WANG,Lei WANG,Chen LUAN,Zhao-bin SUN. Characteristics of air pollution before and during winter heating period in Harbin from 2014 to 2017 [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(6): 81-88.
[3]	Xue-bin QU, Yan-ping WANG, Shao-xin GAO, Xu-ming ZHANG, Xiao-fei XIN, Meng-qi AO. Temporal and spatial change of NDVI and its response to climatic conditions in Hulun Buir region from 2000 to 2020 [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(5): 57-63.
[4]	Hong-hai LIANG,Zhong-bao JIANG,Shi LIU,Shang-feng LI. Evaluation and analysis of meteorological conditions for winter tourism in Jilin province [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(5): 88-97.
[5]	Feng-hua SUN,Ming-yan LIU,Qing-fei ZHAI. Analysis of prediction and assessment of climate change and its impact on runoff in the Liaohe river basin [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(3): 156-161.
[6]	Xiao-dong ZHANG,Guan WANG,Xiu-ling WANG,Fen-e CUI,Yan-ping ZHENG. Characteristics of ozone pollution and its relationship with meteorological conditions from 2016 to 2019 in Tangshan [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(2): 62-69.
[7]	Hui ZHANG,Chu WU,Jing-wei ZHANG,Xiao-ping LIN,Jia-quan LIANG,Su LIU,Yan-fang GUO,Cheng-liu LI. Characteristics of primary pollutants of air quality and their relationships with meteorological conditions in Heyuan [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2022, 38(1): 40-47.
[8]	Chuan-bo FU, Li DAN, Wen-shuai XU, Li-jun LIU. Characteristics of ozone pollution and synoptic classifications in Hainan province from 2015 to 2018 [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(6): 27-35.
[9]	Xiao-hua ZHENG, Pan-xing LOU, Yong-yong MA. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of extreme temperature in Shaanxi province from 1961 to 2018 [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(3): 81-87.
[10]	Bao-xing TIAN,Dan LIU,Li-juan GONG,Fang ZHAO,Sheng-tai JI,Hui-ying ZHAO,Cheng-long YU. Correlation analysis of NDVI and meteorological factors in the West Liao River Basin [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(3): 88-93.
[11]	Jie YU,Yu-peng LI,Li-xin SU,Qi-duo SHAO,Shang-feng LI,Li DING,Zong-ting GAO,Lin-chang AN. Causes of a haze pollution event in Changchun in January of 2019 [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(2): 56-63.
[12]	Yan CUI,Xue AO,Jing-fu CAO,Xiao-yu ZHOU,Ming-cai LI,Chun-yu ZHAO,Ming-yan LIU,Rong LIN. Effect of climate change on energy consumption in office building in Northeast China [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(1): 91-99.
[13]	Yan CUI,Xue AO,Xiao-yu ZHOU,Tao WANG,Rong LIN,Chun-yu ZHAO,Ming-yan LIU,Xue YI. Assessment of urban comprehensive adaptability to climate change: a case study of Chaoyang [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(6): 122-129.
[14]	Xue AO, Qing-fei ZHAI, Yan CUI, Xiao-yu ZHOU, Chun-yu ZHAO, Jin-guang ZHANG, Jian YUAN. Analysis of the influence of urbanization process on the temperature change in Liaoning province based on the OMR method [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(4): 28-35.
[15]	Feng-juan GUO,Chun-hua LI,Chun-ling DOU. Distribution of PM_2.5 mass concentration over Karamay and its influencing factors [J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2020, 36(4): 52-58.