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28 February 2022, Volume 38 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis of phase characteristics of a precipitation process in Zhangjiakou area of Winter Olympic Games Liang-chen MA,Hong-bo MA,Xi-dan ZHANG,Zi-jian CHEN,Jiang-bo LI 2022, 38 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.001 Abstract ( 197 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (3564KB) ( 259 )   Save Based on the meteorological observation network data of the Winter Olympics Games, the high-resolution reanalysis data of ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) (0.25°×0.25°), the conventional sounding data, and the laser radar and wind profile radar data, a rain-to-snow weather process in Zhangjiakou area of the Winter Olympics Games from November 17-19, 2020 was analyzed.The variables analyzed include the circulation situation, temperature and relative humidity, microphysical and radar characteristics, and other new data.The results show that the warm and wet southwest airflow in the early stage of the low layer provides water vapor and energy conditions for precipitation, and the strong dry and cold advection in the later stage provides favorable conditions for phase transition.When rain turns to snow in the competition area, the temperature at 700 hPa is below -2℃, while the temperature at 850 hPa is below 2℃.The rapid decline of the height of zero-temperature level is an important temperature criterion for phase transition.When the 0℃ line drops to about 400 m above the ground, the phase of precipitation in the competition area has turned into pure snow, and the shift of the wind direction at a low level has certain indicative significance for the phase transition of rain and snow in the competition area.As the content of cloud ice and snow water increases gradually, the phase of rain and snow begins to change after the cloud ice and snow water reach the maximum.The maximum detection height of lidar during snowfall is significantly lower than that during rainfall.The change of low-level wind field of wind profiler radar is closely related to the phase state of rain and snow, and the change of vertical velocity detected by wind profiler radar can also reflect the transformation of rain and snow phase state. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Formation mechanism of local thick fog in the northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on August 22, 2018 Ting LI,Zhi-qiang TAN,Sen GE,Qiang LI,Yuan CHAO 2022, 38 (1):  8-14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.002 Abstract ( 171 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (3419KB) ( 72 )   Save Based on the 10 m wind field, 2 m temperature, and dew point temperature of 972 automatic ground stations in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the visibility, hourly temperature, and relative humidity of Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Pingluo, and Helan stations, and 6-hourly reanalysis data with a resolution of 0.125°×0.125° from the ECMWF ERA-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, ECMWF Reanalysis-Interim), the circulation pattern, inversion structure, thermal and dynamic conditions, and formation and maintenance mechanisms of a local sudden dense fog weather process in the northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on August 22, 2018, were analyzed.The results show that the favorable conditions of the surface cold high pressure, the warm high ridge, and the surface layer breeze contribute to the occurrence of this process.The stable atmospheric stratification formed by the invasion of cold air near the ground and deeply warm advection is a necessary condition for the formation of this fog process.For the development and maintenance of the local fog, the weak ascending movement extending the mixing layer to about 840 hPa is an important reason.In this process, the convergence of deep and weak water vapor is more important than the saturation of water vapor itself, which is the key factor for the formation of fog at Dawukou station.The process has advection-radiation fog characteristics, the surface heat flux promotes the occurrence of the dense fog in the early stage of the process, but inhibits it in the later stage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation characteristics of air pollutants in Sichuan region during January-March of 2020 Wei-jie LI,Hu-jia ZHAO,Quan-liang CHEN,Lin-chang AN,Jie ZHANG,Xu-xin WANG 2022, 38 (1):  15-22.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.003 Abstract ( 195 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 126 )   Save Based on the monitoring data published by the China Environmental Monitoring Station and ground observation data of the China Meteorological Administration during 2018-2020, the variation characteristics of air pollutants in Sichuan province from January to March of 2020 were analyzed using the correlation analysis method.The results show that due to the implementation of anthropogenic emission source control policies from January to March of 2020, the concentrations of NO2 and PM10 in Chengdu, Mianyang, Yibin, and Panzhihua decrease by 30% on average compared with the same period of 2018-2019.However, the daily mean of O3 mass concentration in the four cities increases by 15.21%, 10.32%, 5.03%, and 0.42%, respectively.At the same time, the correlation analysis of O3 with relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and precipitation shows that O3 is negatively correlated with relative humidity, and positively correlated with temperature, wind speed, and precipitation, with the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7.The abnormal growth of O3 is not only affected by meteorological elements but also indirectly maintained by low nitrogen oxide and PM10 concentrations.Strict pollutant emission control measures have a great impact on the emission of major pollutants, but less impact on secondary pollutants such as ozone.The prevention and control of secondary pollutant pollution are still facing severe challenges. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the response relationship between air pollution process and meteorological wind field in an industrial park An-ke GUO,Xiao-ge YIN,Zhi-min WANG,Zhi-qiang LI,Zhe LI,Ji ZHANG,Lu CHEN,Hao-yun HUANG 2022, 38 (1):  23-32.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.004 Abstract ( 169 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (6137KB) ( 59 )   Save In this study, a grid monitoring system of air pollutants was built in the Tianjin airport industrial zone.Based on the control variable method and Moran's I study, a method system for establishing the relationship between the air pollution process and meteorological wind field response was formed.The results show that the major pollutants in the industrial park are PM2.5, NO2, PM10, and O3.SSW wind, ENE wind, and SE wind have a great influence on the transport of high concentration PM2.5, NO2, O3, and PM10, respectively.In addition to the local emissions, the south-southwest emissions of the airport outside the district have a greater impact on PM2.5.Road moving sources such as Jinhan highway and Toray Lake road in the east-northeast direction of the outside of the industrial park have a great influence on NO2.O3 and PM10 are greatly influenced by the moving sources in the Jinbin highway, Ningjing highway, and Jinbei highway in the southeast direction of the outside of the industrial park and the southeast section of the airport.In terms of the convergence zone of airflow of the inside of the industrial park on September 23, the 1# should reinforce the coordinated controlling of PM2.5, NO2, and PM10 and the 2# should focus on the controlling of NO2 at 09:00 on September 23, 2019.Furthermore, the northwest extension zone of the 3# and the north extension zone of the 5# should pay attention to the controlling of O3.The central, west, east, and southeast sections of the industrial park should enhance the synergetic controlling of PM2.5, O3, and NO2 at 15:00 on September 23, 2019.14# should enhance the coordinated controlling of PM2.5 and O3, while 17# and 18# should focus on controlling PM10 at 21:00 on September 23, 2019. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation and relationship of criteria air pollutants in Yinchuan Rui-na GAO,Yin-chuan SUN,He-jiang ZUO,Na GAO,Dai WANG 2022, 38 (1):  33-39.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.005 Abstract ( 146 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (945KB) ( 77 )   Save Based on the monitoring data of concentrations of criteria air pollutants in Yinchuan from 2013 to 2019, we analyzed the variation of concentrations of criteria air pollutants in recent years and investigated the relationship among these air pollutants using the method of principal component analysis.The results showed that concentrations of all criteria air pollutants in Yinchuan decrease except for O3 that exhibit an increasing trend.The O3 concentrations observed at urban sites are lower than those observed at suburban background sites, whereas concentrations of other pollutants are relatively higher at urban sites.Both PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at urban sites exceed the national secondary standard for air quality.Concentrations of all criteria air pollutants are highest in winter and lowest in summer, which is opposite to the seasonal variation of O3 concentration.The diurnal variation of CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 shows a bimodal pattern, while the diurnal variation of O3 and SO2 exhibits a single peak.NO2 concentration has a significant correlation with CO and O3, and the PM10 concentration has a significant correlation with PM2.5 in Yinchuan.The first principal components of air pollutants include NO2, CO, and O3, with the variance contribution rate exceeding 50%.Moreover, the annual mean O3 concentration gradually increases, which indicates that atmospheric photochemical pollution is worsening in recent years. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of primary pollutants of air quality and their relationships with meteorological conditions in Heyuan Hui ZHANG,Chu WU,Jing-wei ZHANG,Xiao-ping LIN,Jia-quan LIANG,Su LIU,Yan-fang GUO,Cheng-liu LI 2022, 38 (1):  40-47.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.006 Abstract ( 165 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (2430KB) ( 169 )   Save Based on the air quality monitoring data in Heyuan from 2017 to 2019, the interannual variation of primary air pollutants was analyzed in this study.The correlation analysis between the concentrations of primary air pollutants and meteorological conditions was conducted using the data at the Dongpu national observational station in 2019, and the impact of the meteorological conditions on typical air pollution events was also explored.The results showed that the proportion of polluted days with fine particle matter (PM2.5) as the primary air pollutant decreases significantly, and the polluted days with ozone (O3) as the primary air pollutant increase, which means the particulate matter pollution gradually transfers to ozone pollution in Heyuan.O3 concentrations are positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with humidity.High concentrations of O3 mainly concentrate within the thresholds (20-30℃, 25%-55%), and also occur under north-northwesterly winds.PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are negatively correlated with humidity and tend to have high values when temperature and humidity are within the ranges of 8-13℃ and 40%-50%, respectively.In summer, PM2.5 and PM10 show a strong positive correlation with temperature, which means the combined PM and ozone pollution is possible to occur under high-temperature conditions in Heyuan.The typical pollution days in Heyuan are characterized by weak winds and unfavorable local dispersion conditions.PM pollution tends to occur under low temperature and low humidity conditions and is mainly affected by regional transport.O3 pollution tends to occur under high temperature and low humidity conditions and can be exacerbated in the presence of high precursor concentrations. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis of evapotranspiration with air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed over the Yellow River Basin Tong-hui GU,Xiao-dan GUAN,Zhao-kui GAO,Xiao-qian HUANG,Shu-yang GUO 2022, 38 (1):  48-56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.007 Abstract ( 340 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (3015KB) ( 192 )   Save The Yellow River flows through the arid and semi-arid areas in China, and the variation of the evapotranspiration over the Yellow River Basin is particularly important for the local ecological security and economic development.Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data, we quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of evapotranspiration in the Yellow River Basin from 1979 to 2020.In combination with observational data of temperature, precipitation, and wind speed, we also conducted the correlation analysis between evapotranspiration and three climatic factors.The results showed that the evapotranspiration over the Yellow River Basin has a decreasing trend with fluctuations from 1979 to 2020 and a large difference in its spatial distribution.The evapotranspiration increases near the source region, varies hardly near the arid regions in the upper reaches and decreases in the middle and lower reaches.Air temperature over the Yellow River Basin continues to increase from 1979 to 2020, meanwhile, the precipitation decreases with fluctuations, and wind speed has an increasing trend.The correlation analysis between evapotranspiration and climatic factors over the Yellow River Basin indicates that their correlations have obvious spatial differences.The evapotranspiration is negatively correlated with air temperature and wind speed and is positively correlated with precipitation over most areas in the Yellow River Basin.In terms of the multiple correlations, the correlations between evapotranspiration and climatic factors are strong in most areas of the basin, especially in the arid areas of the upper reaches.This study can provide scientific reference for the development and management of water resources and regional climate regulation over the Yellow River Basin. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal distribution of short-term heavy precipitation and characteristics of synoptic condition during summer in Pingliang, Gansu province from 2015 to 2019 Qi XUE,Ya-ping TANG,Li-na WANG,Hai-feng GUO,Hui ZHAO,Peng-cheng MA 2022, 38 (1):  57-64.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.008 Abstract ( 267 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 162 )   Save In this study, we selected a total of 27 short-time heavy precipitation events in Pingliang, Gansu province from June to August in the years of 2015-2019.Based on the hourly precipitation data obtained from automatic stations and upper-air sounding data, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of these short-time heavy precipitation events, the influencing weather systems, and the background atmospheric environment using the methods of threshold classification and statistics, and conventional weather analysis.The results indicated that short-time heavy precipitation events occur less in June and mostly occur in the Liupanshan areas.In July, short-time heavy precipitation events occur more frequently and concentrate in regions of Jingning, Chongxin, and Jingchuan.The short-time heavy precipitation events occur most frequently in August, concentrating in the Kongtong mountainous areas in the northern Pingliang and the valley areas of the southern Chongxin.The diurnal variation of short-term heavy precipitation in June is characterized by a unimodal pattern, with the peaks occurring mostly in the afternoon.The hourly precipitation within the range of 20-30 mm occurs most frequently, accounting for more than 80% in June.The diurnal variation of short-term heavy precipitation in July and August shows a multi-peak pattern and occurs more frequently at the night.The frequency of hourly precipitation exceeding 30 mm increases significantly, accounting for about 40% in July and August.Three synoptic patterns contributing to short-time heavy precipitation in Pingliang are classified, including the upper-level low trough pattern, the subtropical high-pressure pattern, and the northwesterly airflow pattern.In addition, we find that some average proper values for physical quantities such as the K index, CAPE, T850-T500, Q850, θse-850 have good indicative significance for heavy precipitation forecast in Pingliang after the statistical analysis on the environmental parameters that represent the thermodynamic, moisture, and unstable conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction and spatial-temporal variation analysis of the vegetation indices in Liaoning province based on FY3/MERSI data Rui FENG,Rui-peng JI,Jin-wen WU,Wen-ying YU,Dan LIU,Ni-na CHEN,Ying WANG,Yu-shu ZHANG 2022, 38 (1):  65-73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.009 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1693KB) ( 70 )   Save To establish a long-term normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data set with the FY-3 series of Chinese meteorological satellites, four filtering and function fitting methods were used to quantitatively analyze the results from reconstructed data on seven types of ground features including forest land, wetland, waterbody, urban, rice, soybean, and corn.Determination for the best data reconstruction method and spatial-temporal variation analysis on the vegetation indices in Liaoning Province was further conducted.The four methods including Asymmetric Gaussian function (AG), Savitzky-Golay filtering (SG), Double Logistic function (DL), and Harmonic Analysis of Time Series (HANTS) show more effective denoising abilities.The SG method was more sensitive to noise overall, whereas the HANTS method was highly affected by noise in the low-value areas.The AG and DL methods had better smoothing effects, while the peak value of the DL method was closer to the original peak value.In areas with high vegetation coverage and seasonal crops, the SG method had the highest correlation coefficients (>0.93) and the lowest root mean square errors (< 0.1).In areas with a low vegetation index, such as cities and water bodies, the HANTS method had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.87, but the root mean square errors of all four methods were around 0.06 with little discrepancies.Considering the curve and quantitative analysis comprehensively, the SG method was selected to reconstruct the vegetation index data set of Liaoning Province.The spatial variations of vegetation indices were consistent with the vegetation types of the underlying surface.The vegetation indices of forest land in the eastern mountainous areas were the highest with values of over 0.75.During 2009-2020, the annual average NDVI values in Liaoning Province experience fluctuation, and there were differences among the variations of vegetation indices for different ground features.The variations for water bodies and cities were relatively small, whereas those of the dry field crops (e.g.maize and soybeans) were a bit larger due to the influence of drought years.The vegetation indices of the main grain crops in Liaoning Province appeared a single-peak variation throughout each year, reflecting the one-year cooked pattern, and reached the maximum value in August. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sparse sunlight disaster and its impact factors in the facility agriculture growing season in Liaoning province from 1962 to 2017 Min JIAO,Peng-shi CHEN,Rong-ping LI,Qi ZHANG,Wei-wei ZHANG 2022, 38 (1):  74-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.010 Abstract ( 127 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1937KB) ( 312 )   Save Based on the daily observed sunshine duration data of 28 meteorological stations in Liaoning province from 1962 to 2017 and Fortran language automatic recognition technology and statistical diagnostic analysis method, the temporal and spatial variations of sparse sunlight disaster in the facility agriculture growing season were analyzed taking cucumbers and eggplants as examples.The results show that the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster account for 96.1% of the total, whereas the frequencies of moderate sparse sunlight disaster only account for 3.9%, and there is no severe sparse sunlight disaster during the 56 years.Spatially, the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster appear a zonal pattern with the lowest frequency in the west and the highest frequency in the north and east of Liaoning province, with the most significant increasing trends in east Fuxin and east Chaoyang.Temporally, the frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster appear the most in November whereas the least in February and March, with a climatic trend rate of 0.68 per 10 years and a significant inter-decadal mutation around 1999.The frequencies of mild sparse sunlight disaster are negatively correlated with the wind speed, whereas positively correlated with the relative humidity and rainfall days.Wind speed and rainfall days have a significant influence on the linear increasing trend of the frequency of mild sparse sunlight disasters over most parts of Liaoning province, while relative humidity has a significant influence on it over individual parts.Since 1962, cucumbers and eggplants are the most vulnerable to mild sparse sunlight disaster in Liaoning province, showing significant linear increasing trends spatially and temporally. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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A discussion on the discipline identification issue of marine meteorology Xing-qin FANG 2022, 38 (1):  82-91.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.011 Abstract ( 230 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (540KB) ( 229 )   Save Based on revealing the discipline identification issue of marine meteorology and its impact, it is clarified that marine meteorology should be ascribed to atmospheric science rather than marine science for the sake of its smooth development through synthetically analyzing the connotations and extensions of relevant disciplines.The key to this clarification is to understand the multi-scale characteristics of air-sea interaction.Future development of marine meteorology highly relies on high-tech detecting techniques over the sea, synthetic applications of in-situ and remote sensing observations, meso-micro-scale air-sea interaction theory, and multi-level sea-atmosphere coupling models, thereby research on smaller scale air-sea interaction should be intensified.The analysis results are expected to provide references for research, education, service, and administration personnel in atmospheric and marine sciences. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on climatological research of cold vortex in Northeast China Yi-he FANG,Chun-yu ZHAO,Yang LI,Ting-ting GUO,Jing-wei LI,Yi-tong LIN,Mei-ou QIN,Yi-qiu YU 2022, 38 (1):  92-99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.012 Abstract ( 297 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (459KB) ( 209 )   Save The advanced researches about the definition, subjective and objective identification methods, climate characteristics, classification, impact factors, and climatic effects of cold vortex in Northeast China were reviewed and summarized in this paper, problems existing in research, possible research directions, and development trends in the future were discussed as well.Identification and quantification are the basis of climatological research of cold vortex in Northeast China.Therefore the comparative analysis of objective identification results and the improvement of recognition technology may be the emphases of research on cold vortex identification in the future.It is necessary to study the climatological characteristics, anomalous origin diagnosis, and climatic influence of different types of Cold Vortex in Northeast China, as well as the physical mechanism of the interaction between cold vortex in Northeast China and the influencing factors.In conclusion, scientific and objective quantitative prediction can provide a more precise and accurate basis for the diagnosis of the causes of climatic anomalies and climate prediction in Northeast China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bulletins

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Climatic suitability regionalization of flue-cured tobacco cultivation in Jilin City based on fuzzy membership function Ying LIANG,Shu-qing MA,Ming ZHANG 2022, 38 (1):  100-105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.013 Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1176KB) ( 29 )   Save To utilize reasonably climatic resources in Jilin city and improve tobacco productivity, a quantitative assessment of climatic suitability was carried out for formulating the optimized adjustment scheme for flue-cured tobacco cultivation (TC).Based on the data of tobacco yield, meteorological condition, elevation, climatic effects on tobacco, supply and demand relationships of climate resources, climatic factors affecting TC were determined.Fuzzy mathematic method was used to build the membership function of TC suitability and comprehensive evaluation model.Considering the relationships between altitude, longitude, and weather conditions, geographical distribution patterns of climatic factors were set up, and then, refined climatic regionalization for TC in Jilin city was achieved based on the GIS platform.The results show that most regions in Jilin city are suitable for TC, but there are regional differences in climatic suitability which can be divided into four types including the most suitable, the suitable, the sub-suitable, and the unsuitable areas.The east and south regions with the altitude ranged from 500 to 800 m are suitable for TC.However, the regions with an altitude over 800 m and low temperature are unsuitable for TC.Mountain and plain area in the west Jilin city are low suitability areas for TC.Jiaohe city has the largest area suitable for TC, followed by Huadian, and Panshi and Shulan cities are also suitable for TC.The result of flue-cured tobacco regionalization is consistent with the local planting area, but there still are a large space for optimization and adjustment and the potential for increasing yield and income for tobacco production in Jilin city. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative analysis of the lagged effects of heat-wave on heatstroke in Ningbo from 2013 to 2019 Wen-han LU,Shao-hua GU,Shi-qiang SUN,Cheng-ming ZHANG,Xian-chun ZHU 2022, 38 (1):  106-112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2022.01.014 Abstract ( 170 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (609KB) ( 59 )   Save Heat-wave has been becoming more serious, posing a major threat to residents' health.In this paper, the lagged effects of heat-wave on heatstroke were investigated based on the statistical characteristics of meteorological and heatstroke data from June to September during 2013-2019 in Ningbo by using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM).The results show that the one-day relative risk (RR) value (95% CI) of heatstroke caused by heat-waves (no hierarchy) reaches the maximum value (P>0.05) on the first day, and the cumulative RR value (95% CI) reaches the maximum value (P>0.05) for the lag of 0-4 day.The maximum one-day RR value (CI) of heatstroke caused by different levels of heat-waves including general, hazardous and severe hazardous heat-waves appears on the first day, and the maximum cumulative RR value (CI) appears on the lag of 0-3 day.In addition, The one-day and cumulative RR values (CIs) of heatstroke caused by heat-wave in the young group (< 65 years old) are significantly lower than in the elderly group (≥ 65 years old).With the heat-wave level enhancing, the one-day and cumulative RR values (CIs) increase gradually. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics