主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 10-19.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2023.03.002

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020年绥化地区一次超级单体龙卷及其环境特征分析

吴迎旭1(),周一1,赵柠1,栾晨1,张礼宝1,*(),赵美玲1,蔡康龙2,赵广娜3   

  1. 1. 黑龙江省气象台, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2. 佛山市气象局, 广东佛山 528000
    3. 哈尔市气象局, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150028
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-23 出版日期:2023-06-28 发布日期:2023-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 张礼宝 E-mail:wuyingxu281@163.com;123589969@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴迎旭, 女, 1980年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事短时临近预报研究, E-mail: wuyingxu281@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展规划(2018YFC1507301);国家重点基础研究发展规划(2018YFC1507305);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2020D014)

Characteristics and physical condition analyses of a supercell tornado in the Suihua area in 2020

Ying-xu WU1(),Yi ZHOU1,Ning ZHAO1,Chen LUAN1,Li-bao ZHANG1,*(),Mei-ling ZHAO1,Kang-long CAI2,Guang-na ZHAO3   

  1. 1. Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory, Ha′erbin 150030, China
    2. Foshan Meteorological Service Foshan 528000, China
    3. Haerbin Meteorological Service, Ha′erbin 150028, China
  • Received:2022-04-23 Online:2023-06-28 Published:2023-07-25
  • Contact: Li-bao ZHANG E-mail:wuyingxu281@163.com;123589969@qq.com

摘要:

利用常规资料、区域自动站资料、FY-4卫星云图、新一代天气雷达、ECMWF再分析资料, 分析2020年8月9日黑龙江省绥化市绥胜满族镇EF2级龙卷的结构特征、形成过程和触发机制。结果表明: 此次龙卷发生在东北冷涡底前部500 hPa为西南气流、低层为暖式切变线、地面为暖锋的背景下; 中层干输送有利于下沉气流, 低层暖湿气流和高空辐散加强了气流的上升, 增强的水平涡度在较强的低层垂直风切变作用下形成涡管, 提供了有利龙卷发生的环境条件。较小的低层温度递减率、较大的对流抑制能量、地面两条辐合线共同触发形成超级单体。不同于黑龙江省历次龙卷过程, 此次龙卷天气的对流有效位能较低、对流抑制能量较大, 没有干线触发。中等强度深厚的中气旋由0.5°仰角向上发展至中层并加强, 维持时间约50 min, 当中气旋在中层旋转速度超过低层时, 龙卷产生。

关键词: 龙卷, 超级单体, 环境条件, 触发机制

Abstract:

Using the conventional data, regional automatic station data, FY-4 satellite cloud image, a new generation weather radar, and the ECMWF reanalysis data, the structural characteristics, formation process, and trigger mechanism of EF2 tornado in Suisheng Manchu town of Suihua city in Heilongjiang province on August 9, 2020, were analyzed.The results show that the tornado occurs under the background of the southwest airflow at 500 hPa in the front of the northeast cold vortex bottom, the warm shear line in the lower level, and the warm front on the ground.The dry transport in the middle layer is conducive to the sinking airflow, the warm and wet airflow in the lower layer and the divergence in the upper layer strengthen the rise of the airflow, and the enhanced horizontal vorticity forms a vortex tube under the action of strong vertical wind shear in the lower layer, providing favorable environmental conditions for the occurrence of tornadoes.The smaller the temperature lapse rate in the lower layer, the larger the convection suppression energy and the two convergence lines on the ground trigger the formation of supercells together.Different from previous tornado processes in Heilongjiang province, the convective effective potential energy of this tornado weather is low, the convective suppression energy is large, and there is no mainline trigger.The medium intensity and deep mesocyclone develops from 0.5° elevation to the middle level and strengthens, and the maintenance time is about 50 minutes.When the rotation speed of the mesocyclone in the middle level exceeded that of the low level, the tornado is generated.

Key words: Tornado, Supercell, Environmental conditions, Trigger mechanism

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